<div>가</div>
<div class="c1">나
  <div class="subDiv">나-A</div>
  <div class="subDiv">나-B
    <div id="나-B-1" class="subDiv">나-B-1</div>
    <div class="subDiv">나-B-2</div>
    <div id="나-B-3" class="subDiv">나-B-3</div>
  </div>
</div>
<div class="c1">다
  <div class="subDiv c1">다-A
    <div class="subDiv c1">다-A-1</div>
    <div id="다-A-2" class="subDiv">다-A-2</div>
  </div>
  <div class="subDiv">다-B</div>
</div>


<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
div {
  border: 1px dotted gray;
}

.subDiv {
  margin-left:30px;
}
//모든 부모 찾아서 배경색 변경
$('#나-B-3').parents().css("background-color", "#ffaaaa");

//바로 위의 부모
$('#나-B-1').parent().css("background-color", "#aaffaa");

//조건에 맞는 부모 중 가장 가까운 하나
$('#다-A-2').closest('.c1').css("background-color", "#aaaaff");

External CSS

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External JavaScript

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