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HTML 

              
                <div id="wrap">
  
  <h1>Responsive <span>Table</span> Layout Sample</h1>
  <p class="description">レスポンシブデザインのテーブルレイアウト例</p>
  
  <ul class="btnList">
    <li><button class="addThead">Thead追加</button></li>
    <li><button class="removeThead">Thead削除</button></li>
    <li><button class="increaseText">テキスト増やす</button></li>
    <li><button class="cutBackText">テキスト減らす</button></li>
  </ul>
  
  <div class="tableBlock pattern01">
  <table>
    <caption>レスポンシブテーブル パターン1：単純に幅可変</caption>
    <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し1</th>
      <td>テキスト1-1</td>
      <td>テキスト1-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し2</th>
      <td>テキスト2-1</td>
      <td>テキスト2-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し3</th>
      <td>テキスト3-1</td>
      <td>テキスト3-2</td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <!-- /.tableBlock pattern01 --></div>
  
  <div class="tableBlock pattern02">
  <table>
    <caption>レスポンシブテーブル パターン2：フォントサイズ縮小</caption>
    <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し1</th>
      <td>テキスト1-1</td>
      <td>テキスト1-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し2</th>
      <td>テキスト2-1</td>
      <td>テキスト2-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し3</th>
      <td>テキスト3-1</td>
      <td>テキスト3-2</td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <!-- /.tableBlock pattern02 --></div>
  
  <div class="tableBlock pattern03">
  <table>
    <caption>レスポンシブテーブル パターン3：縦並び</caption>
    <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し1</th>
      <td>テキスト1-1</td>
      <td>テキスト1-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し2</th>
      <td>テキスト2-1</td>
      <td>テキスト2-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し3</th>
      <td>テキスト3-1</td>
      <td>テキスト3-2</td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <!-- /.tableBlock pattern03 --></div>

  <div class="tableBlock pattern04">
  <table>
    <caption>レスポンシブテーブル パターン4：横スクロール</caption>
    <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し1</th>
      <td>テキスト1-1</td>
      <td>テキスト1-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し2</th>
      <td>テキスト2-1</td>
      <td>テキスト2-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し3</th>
      <td>テキスト3-1</td>
      <td>テキスト3-2</td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <!-- /.tableBlock pattern04 --></div> 
  
  <div class="tableBlock pattern05">
  <table>
    <caption>レスポンシブテーブル パターン5：リスト化</caption>
    <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し1</th>
      <td>テキスト1-1</td>
      <td>テキスト1-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し2</th>
      <td>テキスト2-1</td>
      <td>テキスト2-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し3</th>
      <td>テキスト3-1</td>
      <td>テキスト3-2</td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <!-- /.tableBlock pattern05 --></div> 

  <div class="tableBlock pattern06">
  <table>
    <caption>レスポンシブテーブル パターン6：thead縦横切替</caption>
    <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し1</th>
      <td>テキスト1-1</td>
      <td>テキスト1-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し2</th>
      <td>テキスト2-1</td>
      <td>テキスト2-2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>見出し3</th>
      <td>テキスト3-1</td>
      <td>テキスト3-2</td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <!-- /.tableBlock pattern06 --></div> 
  
<!-- /#wrap --></div>
!

CSS 

              
                @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Righteous);

#wrap {
  margin:2em auto;
  font-family: Arial, Roboto, “Droid Sans”, “游ゴシック”, YuGothic, “ヒラギノ角ゴ ProN W3”, “Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN”, “メイリオ”, Meiryo, sans-serif;
  max-width:960px;
}
h1, h2 {
  text-align:center;
  font-family: 'Righteous', cursive;
}
h1 {
  font-size: 2.5em;
}
h1 span {
  color:#ffc045;
}
p.description {
  margin-top: 1em;
  letter-spacing:2px;
  text-align:center;
}
.btnList {
  margin-top: 2em;
  text-align:center;
}
.btnList li {
  display:inline-block;
}

/* 基本スタイル */
.tableBlock {
  margin-top:2em;
}
table {
  width:100%;
  table-layout:fixed;
  -webkit-box-sizing:border-box;
  box-sizing:border-box;
  border:1px solid #cfcfcf;
}
table caption {
  padding:1em;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: left;
  background:#ffc045;
}
table tr th {
  background:#f2f2f2;
}
table tr th,
table tr td {
  padding:1em;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align:left;
  border:1px solid #cfcfcf;
}

/* パターン4：テーブルを横スクロールに */
.tableBlock.pattern04 {
  overflow-x:auto;
}
.tableBlock.pattern04 table {
  width:960px;
}
/* スクロールバー全体 */
.tableBlock.pattern04::-webkit-scrollbar{
    height: 0.5em;
    background-color: #F1F1F1;
}
/* スクロールバーのつまみ(可動部分) */
.tableBlock.pattern04::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{
    background-color: #BCBCBC;
    border-radius: 12px;
    border-radius: 1.2rem;
}
.tableBlock.pattern04::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{
    background-color: #A9A9AA;
}

/* Tablet */
@media screen and (max-width:768px){
  
  /* パターン2：フォントサイズ縮小 */
  .tableBlock.pattern02 table {
    font-size:75%;
  }
  
  /* パターン3：テーブルセルを縦並びに */
  .tableBlock.pattern03 table,
  .tableBlock.pattern03 table caption,
  .tableBlock.pattern03 table thead,
  .tableBlock.pattern03 table tbody,
  .tableBlock.pattern03 table tr,
  .tableBlock.pattern03 table tr th,
  .tableBlock.pattern03 table tr td {
    display:block;
  }
  .tableBlock.pattern03 table tr th,
  .tableBlock.pattern03 table tr td {
    margin:-1px; /* borderが二重になるのを防ぐ */
  }
  
  /* パターン5：リスト化 */
  .tableBlock.pattern05 table,
  .tableBlock.pattern05 table caption,
  .tableBlock.pattern05 table thead,
  .tableBlock.pattern05 table tbody,  
  .tableBlock.pattern05 table tr,
  .tableBlock.pattern05 table tr th {
    display:block;
  }
  .tableBlock.pattern05 table tr th {
    margin:-1px; /* borderが二重になるのを防ぐ */
  }
  .tableBlock.pattern05 table tr td {
    display:list-item;
    list-style:disc inside;
    border:none;
  }
  .tableBlock.pattern05 table tr td + td {
    padding-top:0;
  }
  
  /* パターン6：縦横切替 */
  .tableBlock.pattern06 table,
  .tableBlock.pattern06 table caption,
  .tableBlock.pattern06 table thead,
  .tableBlock.pattern06 table tbody,
  .tableBlock.pattern06 table tr,
  .tableBlock.pattern06 table tr th,
  .tableBlock.pattern06 table tr td {
    display:block;
  }
  .tableBlock.pattern06 table tr th,
  .tableBlock.pattern06 table tr td {
    margin:-1px; /* borderが二重になるのを防ぐ */
  }
  .tableBlock.pattern06 table thead {
	  display:none;
  }
  .tableBlock.pattern06 table tbody tr td[data-th]:before {
    content: attr(data-th) " : ";
    font-weight: bold;
  	display: inline-block;
    margin-right:0.25em;
  }
  
/* Tablet */ }

/* SmartPhone */
@media screen and (max-width:480px){

  /* パターン2：フォントサイズ縮小 */
  .tableBlock.pattern02 table {
    font-size:50%;
  }

/* Smartphone */ }
!

JS 

              
                $(function(){

  // thead追加
  $('.btnList .addThead').click(function(){
    tableReset();
    $('table caption').after('<thead><tr><th></th><th>見出し●●</th><th>見出し××</th></tr></thead>');
    tableData() // パターン6：縦横切替
  });

  // thead削除
  $('.btnList .removeThead').click(function(){
    tableReset();
  });
  
  // テーブルリセット
  function tableReset(){
    $('table thead').remove();
    $('table td').each(function(){
      $(this).removeAttr('data-th');
    });
  }
  
  // デフォルトのテキストを配列に格納
  var defTextArr = new Array();
  $('table td').each(function(i){
      defTextArr[i] = $(this).text();
  });
  
  // テキスト増やす
  var count = 1;
  $('.btnList .increaseText').click(function(){
    count++;
    $('table td').each(function(e){
      $(this).text( $(this).text() + $(this).text()  );
    });
  });

  // テキスト減らす
  $('.btnList .cutBackText').click(function(){
    for(t=0; t<defTextArr.length; t++) {
      var txt = defTextArr[t];
      if(count >= 1) {
        $('table td').each(function(){
           $(this).text( $(this).text().replace(txt, '' ) );
        });
      }
    }
  });
  
	// パターン6：縦横切替のテーブルにdata属性を追加
	function tableData(){
		var index ='';
		var headTxt ='';
		$('.tableBlock.pattern06 table').each(function() {
			$(this).find('thead tr th').each(function() {
	
				// theadの位置やテキストを取得
				index = $(this).index()-1;
				headTxt = $(this).text();
						
				// tbodyのセルにdata属性を追加
				$(this).parents('table').find('tbody tr').each(function() {
					$(this).find('td').eq(index).attr('data-th',headTxt);
				});
			});
		});
	}
  tableData();

});
!
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