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HTML 

              
                <html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
  <title>Calculatorul</title>
</head>
<body>
  <div id="parinte" class="carcasa">
    <div class="ecran">
      <input type="text" id="nr1" class="nr nr1" value="">
      <input type="text" id="op" class="op" value="">
      <input type="text" id="nr2" class="nr nr2" value="">
    </div>
    <div class="butoane">
      <button id="1" class="buton numar" value="1">1</button>
      <button id="2" class="buton numar" value="2">2</button>
      <button id="3" class="buton numar" value="3">3</button>
      <button id="plus" class="buton operator" value="plus">+</button>
      <button id="4" class="buton numar" value="4">4</button>
      <button id="5" class="buton numar" value="5">5</button>
      <button id="6" class="buton numar" value="6">6</button>
      <button id="minus" class="buton operator" value="minus">-</button>
      <button id="7" class="buton numar" value="7">7</button>
      <button id="8" class="buton numar" value="8">8</button>
      <button id="9" class="buton numar" value="9">9</button>
      <button id="inmultit" class="buton operator" value="inmultit">*</button>
      <button id="0" class="buton numar" value="0">0</button>
      <button id="impartit" class="buton operator" value="impartit">/</button>
      <button id="executa" class="buton dublu">=</button>
    </div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>
!

CSS 

              
                .carcasa {
  width: 300px;
  height: 350px;
  background: gray;
  margin: 20px auto 20px auto;
}

.ecran {
  width: 298px;
  height: 48px;
  background: white;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

.butoane {
  width: 298px;
  height: 298px;
  border: none;
}

.buton {
  background: blue;
  width: 74.25px;
  height: 74.25px;
  float: left;
  border: 1px solid gray;
  padding: 30px;
  font-size: 20px;
  color: #fff;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.numar {
  background: #4b5566;
}

.operator {
  background: #206638;
}

.dublu {
  width: 148.5px;
  padding-left: 70px;
  background-color: #ff8600;
}


.nr {
  width: 37.5%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  float: left;
  height: 48px;
  display:block;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 20px;
}

.op {
  width: 25%;
  float:left;
  margin: 0;
  padding:0;
  display:block;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  height: 48px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 20px;
}
!

JS 

              
                var alcateleapas = 1;

var b1 = document.getElementById("1");
var b2 = document.getElementById("2");
var b3 = document.getElementById("3");
var b4 = document.getElementById("4");
var b5 = document.getElementById("5");
var b6 = document.getElementById("6");
var b7 = document.getElementById("7");
var b8 = document.getElementById("8");
var b9 = document.getElementById("9");
var b0 = document.getElementById("0");

var plus = document.getElementById("plus");
var minus = document.getElementById("minus");
var inmultit = document.getElementById("inmultit");
var impartit = document.getElementById("impartit");

function formeazaoperatia() {
  if(alcateleapas == 1) {
    document.getElementById("nr1").value = document.getElementById("nr1").value + "" + this.value
  } else {
    document.getElementById("nr2").value = document.getElementById("nr2").value + "" + this.value
  }
}

function adaugaoperator() {
  alcateleapas = 2;
  if(this.value=='plus')
    document.getElementById("op").value="+";
  else if (this.value=="minus")
    document.getElementById("op").value="-";
  else if (this.value=="impartit")
    document.getElementById("op").value="/";
  else
    document.getElementById("op").value="*";
}

b1.addEventListener("click", formeazaoperatia);
b2.addEventListener("click", formeazaoperatia);
b3.addEventListener("click", formeazaoperatia);
b4.addEventListener("click", formeazaoperatia);
b5.addEventListener("click", formeazaoperatia);
b6.addEventListener("click", formeazaoperatia);
b7.addEventListener("click", formeazaoperatia);
b8.addEventListener("click", formeazaoperatia);
b9.addEventListener("click", formeazaoperatia);
b0.addEventListener("click", formeazaoperatia);
plus.addEventListener("click", adaugaoperator);
minus.addEventListener("click", adaugaoperator);
inmultit.addEventListener("click", adaugaoperator);
impartit.addEventListener("click", adaugaoperator);

function executa() {
  alcateleapas = 1;
  var valoareadinstanga = document.getElementById("nr1").value;
  var valoareadindreapta = document.getElementById("nr2").value;
  var operator = document.getElementById("op").value;

  if(operator == "+") {
    alert(parseInt(valoareadinstanga) + parseInt(valoareadindreapta))
  }
  else if(operator == "-") {
    alert(parseInt(valoareadinstanga) - parseInt(valoareadindreapta))
  }
  else if(operator == "/") {
    alert(parseInt(valoareadinstanga) / parseInt(valoareadindreapta))
  }
  else if(operator == "*") {
    alert(parseInt(valoareadinstanga) * parseInt(valoareadindreapta))
  }
  
  document.getElementById("nr1").value = "";
  document.getElementById("nr2").value = "";
  document.getElementById("op").value = "";
}

document.getElementById("executa").addEventListener("click", executa);
!
999px

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