<form class="edit-filter__form">
  <div class="filter-value__block">
    <div class="filter-value__block-content">
      <div class="filter-value__block-item">
        <input onkeydown="this.style.width = ((this.value.length + 1) * 8) + 'px';" class="filter-value-title" value="Some:" name="filter-value-title">

        <input onkeydown="this.style.width = ((this.value.length + 1) * 8) + 'px';" class="filter-value-text" value="Value" name="filter-value-text">
      </div>
    </div>

    <!-- 2 filter block -->
    <div class="filter-value__block-content">
      <div class="filter-value__block-item">
        <input class="filter-value-title" value="Other bid value:" name="filter-value-title">

        <input class="filter-value-text" value="Other big value field" name="filter-value-text">
      </div>
    </div>

    <!-- 3 filter block -->
    <div class="filter-value__block-content">
      <div class="filter-value__block-item">
        <input class="filter-value-title" value="Random value" name="filter-value-title">

        <input class="filter-value-text" value="Random value text" name="filter-value-text">
      </div>
    </div>

    <!-- 4 filter block -->
    <div class="filter-value__block-content">
      <div class="filter-value__block-item">
        <input class="filter-value-title" value="Last big text value" name="filter-value-title">

        <input class="filter-value-text" value="Something big in text field" name="filter-value-text">
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="filter-save__block">
    Another block
  </div>
</form>

.edit-filter__form {
  display: flex;
  width: 100%;
}

.filter-value__block {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: flex-start;
  border: 1px solid red;
}

.filter-value__block-content {
  min-height: 57px;
  background: transparent;
  opacity: 0.66;
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(204, 204, 204, 0.76);
  box-shadow: 2px 2px 6px rgb(0 0 0 / 16%);
  padding: 8px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.filter-value__block-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  font-family: Poppins;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 14px;
  text-align: left;
  color: #bc343e;
}

.filter-value__block-close {
  padding: 6px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.filter-save__block {
  margin-top: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.filter-value-title,
.filter-value-text {
  display: inline;
  color: #bc343e;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  outline: none;
}

const form = document.querySelector(".edit-filter__form");

let inputs = form.querySelectorAll("input");
console.log(inputs);
inputs.forEach((item) => {
  console.log(item.value);
  item.style.width = item.value.length + "ch";
  item.addEventListener("input", resizeInput);
});

function resizeInput() {
  this.style.width = this.value.length + "ch";
}