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<!-- https://css-tricks.com/well-rounded-compound-shapes-css/ -->
<header class="header-top dropshadow">
<div class="header-wrap">
<div class="header-content align-bottom">
<h1>Fixed Header <span class="nobr">Design Pattern:</span></h1>
<h2>Height Specified</h2>
</div> <!-- end .header-content -->
</div> <!-- end .header-wrap -->
</header>
<!-- #top link here, not in fixed header -->
<div id="top" class="page-wrap">
<section class="main">
<h2>In a Fix</h2>
<p>When you pin your header to the top using <code>position:fixed</code> it's no longer contained by your page-wrap. So I start the .page-wrap <em>after</em> the header, and duplicate the width and margins on a wrapper div within the header:</p>
<pre rel="CSS"><code class="language-css">
<i>/* match backgrounds */</i>
body, .header-top { background: #eaeaea; }
<i>/* can't assume only one "header" in HTML5 */</i>
.header-top {
<i>/* pin to top - 0 is default */</i>
position: fixed;
<i>/* raise z-index to cover */</i>
z-index: 1;
<i>/* cover full width when zoomed */</i>
width: 100% }
<i>/* match widths, margins & padding */</i>
.page-wrap, .header-wrap {
width: 90%;
min-width: 320px;
max-width: 640px;
<i>/* center on page */</i>
margin: 0 auto;
<i>/* separate content from window edge --
here (not on body) to work with fixed header */</i>
padding: 0 10px;}</code></pre>
<p>I also add a little padding between the window edge and the content, for when the window is at or below the min-width specified. (Yes, I'm just that anal.)</p>
<sidebar>
<h3>Mobile: Your Call</h3>
<p>Mobile Safari supports <code>position:fixed</code> (<a href="http://caniuse.com/#search=position%3Afixed" target="_blank">with some quirks</a>), but that doesn't mean it's a good idea. Make sure to test your fixed header on mobile, in <em>both</em> orientations:</p>
<figure>
<img class="scale" src="https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/s.cdpn.io/23379/screenshot-iphone5-horiz_1.png" />
<figcaption>One line at a time on a sideways iPhone5. This fixed header needs a fix.</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Consider using CSS media queries to target device-width or orientation and then change the header position from fixed to absolute, so that it scrolls — or make the fixed header more compact. You could also change the initial-scale:</p>
<p><code><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=.5"></code></p>
<p>Scaling on iOS has its own idiosyncracies: Here, the fixed header tries to maintain its percentage-based width and reflow, whereas the scrolling content zooms off the screen and can be moved around freely (unless user-scalable=false). That's why I set the header at 100% with a background, so it always covers.</p>
<figure>
<img class="scale" src="https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/s.cdpn.io/23379/screenshot-header_90percent.png" />
<figcaption>Scaling can be unpredictable with position: fixed</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>If you know the content will be scaled, you might choose to have your page-wrap and header-wrap set to 100% instead of 80 or 90 — or change it at smaller sizes with a media query, so that the header stretches to the edges.</p>
<p>It's become common practice to include <code><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"></code> in the document head, but make sure that gives you the result you want. It's powerful meta mojo that <a href="http://blog.javierusobiaga.com/stop-using-the-viewport-tag-until-you-know-ho" target="_blank">you may not need</a> if your site isn't fully-responsive.</p>
</sidebar>
<h3>Hitting the Heights</h3>
<p>In this example, I've specified a height for the header, knowing its content. I can decide how it will reflow when the window resizes, using media queries or absolute positioning (here, I have it expand up from the bottom).</p>
<p>But what if the header content is unknown or dynamic? One idea is to replace the top padding on the page-wrap with a duplicate of the header content and its styling (minus the position:fixed). The fixed header simply covers it — though I go ahead and set the duplicate to be invisible and ignored by screen readers. (<a href="https://codepen.io/parkerbennett/pen/hbzJm" target="_parent">Example CodePen here</a> — right-click to Open Link in New Tab.)</p>
<p>A last note: Remember that your #top anchor can't be in the fixed header.</p>
<a href="#top">Back to top</a>
</section>
</div> <!-- end .page-wrap -->
/* http://www.paulirish.com/2012/box-sizing-border-box-ftw */
*,
*:after,
*:before {
-webkit-box-sizing: border-box; /* Safari/Chrome, other WebKit */
-moz-box-sizing: border-box; /* Firefox, other Gecko */
box-sizing: border-box; /* Opera/IE 8+ */
}
html {
overflow-y: scroll;
overflow-x: hidden;
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
/* match backgrounds to blend in */
body, .header-top { background: #eaeaea; }
/*.header-top { background: rgba(234,234,234, 0.85); }*/
/* can't assume only one "header" element in HTML5 */
.header-top {
/* pin to top - 0 is default */
position: fixed;
/* raise z-index to cover */
z-index: 1;
/* in this example, height is fixed -- set on .header-content-wrap
below -- and used to derive padding-top on .main div */
min-height: 128px;
/* 100% - .header-wrap can be a percentage -
also covers full width when zoomed */
width: 100%;
}
/* .header-top:after {
transition: height 1s linear;
content:"";
position: absolute;
bottom:-1px;
left: 0;
right: 0;
height: 1px;
background: rgba(0,0,0,.1);
} */
/* match widths & margins -- add min-width value
to .header-content below */
.page-wrap, .header-wrap, .wrap {
width: 90%;
min-width: 320px;
max-width: 640px;
/* center on page */
margin: 0 auto;
/* separate content from window edge --
padding-top and -bottom specified below.
Here (not on body) to work on fixed header */
padding: 0 10px;
}
.page-wrap {
/* leave room for fixed header height -- matched below --
padding-left and -right assigned above */
padding-top: 128px;
}
/* padding-left and -right added above */
.header-wrap {
/* to position child elements absolutely */
position: relative;
/* declaring height in this example */
height: 128px;
/* padding overridden by absolutely positioning
on child element below */
padding: 10px;
/* overflow:hidden optional -- if height declared
and .header-content resizes downward */
/*overflow: hidden;*/
}
.header-content {
position: absolute;
/* fill width regardless of content
(same as padding value above) */
left: 10px;
right: 10px;
padding: 10px 2em;
background: #bab2a0;
}
.header-content.align-center {
top: 50%;
margin-top: -7%;
}
.header-content.align-bottom {
/* make header content resize upward */
top: inherit;
margin-top: inherit;
bottom: 10px; }
.main {
padding: 1em 2em 2em;
background: white;
}
/* Example Media Queries - e.g., iPhone5 landscape width = 568px */
@media only screen
and (min-device-width : 320px)
and (max-device-width : 599px) {
.header-top {
/* unpin header so it scrolls with content */
position: absolute; }
/* even if you keep the header fixed, you might
change width to 100% for better mobile zooming */
.page-wrap, .header-wrap {
width: 100%; }
}
/* for better mobile zooming, change percentage
from 80 or 90 to 100 when viewport = min-width */
@media only screen
and (max-width : 320px) {
.page-wrap, .header-wrap {
width: 100%; }
}
/* Presentational CSS Below */
/* force a vertical scrollbar to prevent a jumpy page */
html { overflow-y: scroll; }
body {
line-height: 1.3125; }
.main { padding-bottom: 30em; }
sidebar {
display: block;
}
figure {
margin: 1.5em auto 1em;
padding: 8px;
background: #f1f1ea;
text-align: center; }
figure img {border: 4px solid #ffffff; }
figcaption {
margin: .5em 0;
color: #999;
text-align: center;
font-size: 85%;
font-style: italic; }
h1 {margin: 0; line-height: 1.0625;}
h2 {color: #999; font-weight:300;}
header h2 {margin:0; color: #666;}
code {
background: lightyellow;
padding: 1px .25em;
font-family: Menlo, Monaco, monospace;
font-size: 90%;}
pre[rel]{
position: relative;
padding: .875em 0 0; }
pre[rel]:before{
content:attr(rel);
color:white;
position:absolute;
top:0;
left:0;
width:100%;
background:#e18728;
font-family: sans-serif;
padding:5px 0;
text-indent:15px; }
pre code {
display: block; padding: 1.5em; }
pre code i {
color: #998;
font-style: italic; }
.nowrap, nobreak, .nobr { white-space: nowrap; }
/*
* Remove the gap between images and the bottom of their containers: h5bp.com/i/440
*/
img {
vertical-align: middle;
}
img.scale, object.scale {
/* corrects small inline gap at bottom of containing div */
display: block;
/* weird Firefox bug: needs width:100% or else it will break context-block trick
(where display:table-cell fills in remaining width after fixed-width column float) */
width: 100%;
max-width: 100%;
/* just in case, to force correct aspect ratio */
height: auto !important;
/*width: auto\9; /* ie8+9, but alas, breaks in IE10 */
/* lt ie8 */
-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;
/* optionally force a minimum size if img src size is known: */
/* min-height: 320px; /* max-height of .crop-height */
/* min-width: 480px; /* proportional to above */
}
.lt-ie9 img.scale, object.scale {
width: auto\9; /* ie8+9 - need to test*/
}
Also see: Tab Triggers