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HTML 

              
                .chess
  - for (let i = 8; i > 0; i--)
    - for (let a = 0; a < 8; a++)
      div(id=String.fromCharCode(97 + a) + i)
!

CSS 

              
                .chess
  --chess-bg: #444
  --chess-color: hsla(180deg, 100%, 25%, .6) //teal
  --chess-color2: hsla(9deg, 100%, 64%, .6) //tomato
  display: grid
  grid-template-columns: repeat(8, minmax(0, 1fr))
  grid-template-rows: repeat(8, minmax(0, 1fr))
  width: 100%
  max-width: 90vh // vmin
  aspect-ratio: 1
  font-family: sans-serif
  font-weight: 600
  color: var(--chess-color)
  background-color: var(--chess-bg)
  //border: 2em solid var(--chess-color)
  //border-radius: 1em
  & > div
    display: flex
    justify-content: center
    align-items: center
    //padding: .3em
    font-size: 3vmin
    &:nth-child(16n+1)
    &:nth-child(16n+10)
    &:nth-child(16n+3)
    &:nth-child(16n+12)
    &:nth-child(16n+5)
    &:nth-child(16n+14)
    &:nth-child(16n+7)
    &:nth-child(16n+16)
      color: var(--chess-color2)
      background-color: #ddd
  & .piece
    position: relative
    font-size: 2.8em
    font-weight: normal
    font-family: sans-serif
    text-shadow: 0 0 .5em hsla(0, 50%, 0%, .25), 0 .2em .5em hsla(0, 50%, 0%, .25)
  & .black
    color: black
  & .white
    color: white

// for demo:
*
  box-sizing: border-box

body
  display grid
  place-items center
  min-height 100vh
  margin 0 1em
  background-color #333
!

JS 

              
                'use strict'

const init = () => {
  const chess = document.querySelector('.chess')
  const squares = chess.querySelectorAll('div')
  //;[...squares].map(square => console.log(square.id))
  const pieceOrigin = [ // @note À terme on utilisera des SVGs, le symbole sera remplacé par l'ID du sprite SVG. La couleur sera peut-être supprimée.
    ['a1', 'white', '♜'],
    ['b1', 'white', '♞'],
    ['c1', 'white', '♝'],
    ['d1', 'white', '♛'],
    ['e1', 'white', '♚'],
    ['f1', 'white', '♝'],
    ['g1', 'white', '♞'],
    ['h1', 'white', '♜'],
    ['a2', 'white', '♟'],
    ['b2', 'white', '♟'],
    ['c2', 'white', '♟'],
    ['d2', 'white', '♟'],
    ['e2', 'white', '♟'],
    ['f2', 'white', '♟'],
    ['g2', 'white', '♟'],
    ['h2', 'white', '♟'],
    ['a7', 'black', '♟'],
    ['b7', 'black', '♟'],
    ['c7', 'black', '♟'],
    ['d7', 'black', '♟'],
    ['e7', 'black', '♟'],
    ['f7', 'black', '♟'],
    ['g7', 'black', '♟'],
    ['h7', 'black', '♟'],
    ['a8', 'black', '♜'],
    ['b8', 'black', '♞'],
    ['c8', 'black', '♝'],
    ['d8', 'black', '♛'],
    ['e8', 'black', '♚'],
    ['f8', 'black', '♝'],
    ['g8', 'black', '♞'],
    ['h8', 'black', '♜']
  ]
  pieceOrigin.map(x => document.getElementById(x[0]).innerHTML = `<div class="piece ${x[1]}">${x[2]}</div>`)
}

init()
!
999px

Console