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HTML 

              
                <main>
    <h1>A static graph</h1>
    <div class="graph" id="graphContainer">
        <div class="axis-label x-axis-label">x axis label</div>
        <div class="axis x-axis" data-orientation="horizontal">
            <div class="tick">Category 1</div>
            <div class="tick">Category 2</div>
            <div class="tick">Category 3</div>
            <div class="tick">Category 4</div>
        </div>
        <div class="axis-label y-axis-label">y axis label</div>
        <div class="axis y-axis">
            <div class="tick">0</div>
            <div class="tick">100</div>
            <div class="tick">200</div>
            <div class="tick">300</div>
            <div class="tick">400</div>
            <div class="tick">500</div>
            <div class="tick">600</div>
            <div class="tick">700</div>
            <div class="tick">800</div>
        </div>
        <div class="graph-area">
            <div class="datum">
                <div class="value">200</div>
                <div class="bar" style="height: 25%"></div>
            </div>
            <div class="datum">
                <div class="value">400</div>
                <div class="bar" style="height: 50%"></div>
            </div>
            <div class="datum">
                <div class="value">600</div>
                <div class="bar" style="height: 75%"></div>
            </div>
            <div class="datum">
                <div class="value">800</div>
                <div class="bar" style="height: 100%"></div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <h1>A graph from dynamic data</h1>
    <div id="buildings"></div>
</main>
!

CSS 

              
                .graph {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto auto 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: 1fr auto auto;
    grid-template-areas:
        "y-axis-label y-axis graph-area"
        ".            .      x-axis"
        ".            .      x-axis-label";
}

.graph .axis-label {
    --margin: 8px;
    font-weight: bold;
    text-align: center;
}

.graph .x-axis-label {
    grid-area: x-axis-label;
    margin-top: var(--margin);
}

.graph .y-axis-label {
    grid-area: y-axis-label;
    margin-block-end: var(--margin);
    writing-mode: vertical-lr;
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.graph .axis {
    display: flex;
    font-size: .8rem;
    --border: 1px solid black;
}

.graph .tick {
    --tick-lengeth: 10px;
    --tick-thickness: 1px;
    --tick-color: darkgray;

    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.graph .y-axis {
    grid-area: y-axis;
    flex-direction: column-reverse;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: end;
    border-inline-end: var(--border);
}

.graph .y-axis .tick {
    height: 0;
}

.graph .y-axis .tick::after {
    content: "";
    height: var(--tick-thickness);
    width: var(--tick-lengeth);
    background-color: var(--tick-color);
}

.graph .x-axis {
    grid-area: x-axis;
    justify-content: space-around;
    border-top: var(--border);
}

.graph .x-axis .tick {
    width: 0;
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
}

.graph .x-axis[data-orientation=vertical] .tick {
    writing-mode: vertical-lr;
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.graph .x-axis .tick::before {
    content: "";
    width: var(--tick-thickness);
    height: var(--tick-lengeth);
    background-color: var(--tick-color);
}

.graph .graph-area {
    grid-area: graph-area;
    aspect-ratio: 5 / 4;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(1px, .25fr));
    justify-content: space-around;
}

.graph .datum {
    margin-inline: 5%;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: end;
}

.graph .datum .value {
    align-self: center;
    z-index: 1;
}

.graph .datum .bar {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    background-color: rebeccapurple;
}



body {
    font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
}

main {
    width: 80%;
    max-width: 40rem;
    margin-inline: auto;
}

*, *::before, *::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

h1 {
    text-align: center;
}
!

JS 

              
                import { select, selectAll } from "https://cdn.skypack.dev/[email protected]";
import { max } from "https://cdn.skypack.dev/[email protected]";
import { scaleLinear } from "https://cdn.skypack.dev/[email protected]";

class BarGraph {
    constructor(container, options) {
        this.container = select(container);
        this.xAxisLabel = options.xAxisLabel ?? "";
        this.yAxisLabel = options.yAxisLabel ?? "";
        this.xAxisOrientation = options.xAxisOrientation ?? "horizontal";

        this.container.classed("graph", true);
        this.container.html(`
            <div class="axis-label x-axis-label">${this.xAxisLabel}</div>
            <div class="axis x-axis" data-orientation=${this.xAxisOrientation}></div>
            <div class="axis-label y-axis-label">${this.yAxisLabel}</div>
            <div class="axis y-axis"></div>
            <div class="graph-area"></div>
        `);
        this.xAxis = this.container.select(".x-axis");
        this.yAxis = this.container.select(".y-axis");
        this.graphArea = this.container.select(".graph-area");

        this.y = scaleLinear().range([0, 100]);
    }

    get data() {
        return this._data;
    }
    set data(d) {
        this._data = d;
        this.y.domain([0, max(this.data, d => d.value)]).nice();
        this.update();
    }

    update() {
        this.xAxis.selectAll(".tick").data(this.data, d => d.category)
            .join("div")
                .attr("class", "tick")
                .text(d => d.category);

        this.yAxis.selectAll(".tick").data(this.y.ticks())
            .join("div")
                .attr("class", "tick")
                .text(d => d);

        let datums = this.graphArea.selectAll(".datum").data(this.data, d => d.category);
        const datumsEnter = datums.enter().append("div").attr("class", "datum");
        datumsEnter.append("div").attr("class", "value");
        datumsEnter.append("div").attr("class", "bar");
        datums = datums.merge(datumsEnter);
        datums.select(".value").text(d => d.value);
        datums.select(".bar").style("height", d => `${this.y(d.value)}%`);
    }
}


const data = [
    { building: "Burj Khalifa", height: 828 },
    { building: "Merdeka 118", height: 678.9 },
    { building: "Shanghai Tower",height: 632 },
    { building: "Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower", height: 601 },
    { building: "Ping An International Finance Centre", height: 599.1 }
];

const formattedData = data.map(d => ({ category: d.building, value: d.height }));

const myGraph = new BarGraph("#buildings", {
    xAxisLabel: "Building",
    yAxisLabel: "Height (m)",
    xAxisOrientation: "vertical"
});
myGraph.data = formattedData;
!
999px

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