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HTML 

              
                <p>I still remember picking up Edward Tufte's book, "The Visual Display of Quantitative Information", for the first time. Its pages oversized and crisp, I flipped through and studied each chart in meticulous detail. Sure, Tufte's appeal to minimal "paint", clean lines and clear labels was a rewarding educational experience.
	But I also enjoyed some of the <i>stranger</i> charts that were mentioned in that book; most notably, sparklines. </p>

<p>Sparklines are a simple idea (in hindsight) but they felt revolutionary to me at the time. They are just miniature charts, embedded in the text of a paragraph. If a journalist were to write about a stock, say, and had limited space in which to write her words, she could throw in a sparkline to show AAPL's stock over time, and only occupy about 1/4 of a line of text. Sparklines are a way to show information quickly, in a compartmentalized manner, and save text. I suppose that I'm drawn to sparklines because they feel like worthy companions for a journalist who wants to quickly convey a point at a deeper level of detail than the space requirements of a typical newspaper might allow.</p>

<p>The purpose of this blog is simple: Make a few sparklines, and embed them in the words on this page. For this post, I learned about Sparklines from <a href="https://www.essycode.com/posts/create-sparkline-charts-d3/" target="_blank">this article</a>, adapted the code, and reconstructed them with D3.js.
	All of the sparklines on this page were built with version 6 of the D3 library, so the code is up-to-date. All of the code that was used to generate this blog post can also be <a href="https://codepen.io/nikomccarty/pen/OJRzxrM" target="_blank">viewed on my CodePen</a>. </p>

<p>Let's start with the simplest sparkline: an inline line chart. This chart <span id="sparklines-line" class="sparklines"></span> is embedded right in the text, like magic. Beautiful! Notice, too, that this sparkline doesn't push the surrounding lines of text up or down; it's height exactly matches that of the paragraph's spacing. I went into the CSS for this blog page, noticed that the line spacing is set to 25px, and so set the height of this sparkline to 20px + 5px margin on the top. The second quirk, to get it to display properly, is to set its display property to inline-block.</p>

<p>On to the next one: a simple bar chart. <span id="sparklines-bars" class="sparklines"></span> The approach to make this follows the same logic as the line chart. The only difference, in this case, is that I'm using real data; namely, the frequency with which each letter in the English alphabet is used. You can view a bigger version of this chart on my <a href="https://observablehq.com/@nikomccarty/30-days-of-d3-day-4-bar-chart?collection=@nikomccarty/30-days-of-d3" target="_blank">Observable</a> page.</p>

<p>Okay, let's do one more chart; a bar chart, again, but with both positive and negative values. <span id="sparklines-bars2" class="sparklines"></span>You could use this type of chart to show gains or losses of a stock over time, for example. </p>
<p>Hope you enjoyed this post!</p>
!

CSS 

              
                .sparklines {
	display: inline-block;
}
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JS 

              
                async function sparklinesLine() {
	const width = 150;
	const height = 20;
	const margin = { top: 5, right: 2, bottom: 0, left: 2 };
	const boundedwidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
	const boundedheight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;

	// Generate random data for a line chart.
	const data = d3.range(50).map((d) => Math.random());

	const xScale = d3
		.scaleLinear()
		.domain([0, data.length])
		.range([0, boundedwidth]);
	const yScale = d3
		.scaleLinear()
		.domain([0, d3.max(data)])
		.range([boundedheight, 0]);

	const svg = d3
		.select("#sparklines-line")
		.append("svg")
		.attr("width", width)
		.attr("height", height)
		.append("g")
		.attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");

	const line = d3
		.line()
		.x((d, i) => xScale(i))
		.y((d) => yScale(d));

	svg
		.append("path")
		.datum(data)
		.attr("fill", "none")
		.attr("stroke", "#bbb")
		.attr("stroke-width", 1)
		.attr("d", line);

	svg
		.append("circle")
		.attr("r", 2)
		.attr("cx", xScale(0))
		.attr("cy", yScale(data[0]))
		.attr("fill", "steelblue");

	svg
		.append("circle")
		.attr("r", 2)
		.attr("cx", xScale(data.length - 1))
		.attr("cy", yScale(data[data.length - 1]))
		.attr("fill", "tomato");
}
sparklinesLine();

async function sparklinesBars() {
	const width = 150;
	const height = 20;
	const margin = { top: 5, right: 2, bottom: 0, left: 2 };
	const boundedwidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
	const boundedheight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;

	// Generate random data for a line chart.
	const data = await d3.csv(
		"https://assets.codepen.io/4506684/alphabet.csv",
		d3.autoType
	);
	const yAccessor = (d) => d.frequency;

	const xScale = d3
		.scaleBand()
		.domain(d3.range(data.length))
		.range([0, boundedwidth]);

	const yScale = d3
		.scaleLinear()
		.domain(d3.extent(data, yAccessor))
		.range([boundedheight, 0])
		.nice();

	const svg = d3
		.select("#sparklines-bars")
		.append("svg")
		.attr("width", width)
		.attr("height", height)
		.append("g")
		.attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");

	const bars = svg
		.selectAll("rect")
		.data(data)
		.join("rect")
		.attr("x", (d, i) => xScale(i))
		.attr("y", (d) => yScale(yAccessor(d)))
		.attr("height", (d) => yScale(0) - yScale(yAccessor(d)))
		.attr("width", xScale.bandwidth())
		.attr("fill", "steelblue");
}
sparklinesBars();

async function sparklinesBars2() {
	const width = 150;
	const height = 20;
	const maxdata = 50;
	const mindata = -50;
	const margin = 2;

	const data = d3
		.range(50)
		.map((d) => mindata + (maxdata - mindata) * Math.random());
	console.log(data[0]);

	const bar_width = (width - data.length) / data.length;

	const xScale = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, data.length]).range([0, width]);
	const yScale = d3.scaleLinear().domain([mindata, maxdata]).range([height, 0]);

	const svg = d3
		.select("#sparklines-bars2")
		.append("svg")
		.attr("width", width)
		.attr("height", height)
		.append("g")
		.attr("transform", `translate(${-margin},${margin})`);

	svg
		.selectAll(".bar")
		.data(data)
		.join("rect")
		.attr("class", "bar")
		.attr("x", (d, i) => xScale(i))
		.attr("y", (d) => (d > 0 ? yScale(d) : yScale(0)))
		.attr("width", bar_width)
		.attr("height", (d) => Math.abs(yScale(d) - yScale(0)))
		.attr("fill", (d) => (d > 0 ? "steelblue" : "tomato"));
}
sparklinesBars2();
!
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