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HTML 

              
                
<h1>
  <span>
    Daylight Cycles
    <i>of</i>
    <b>Earth</b>
  </span>
</h1>
  
<div class="earth-container">
  <div
    class="globe"
    onmouseover="isHover = true"
    onmousemove="hoverOrbit(event)"
    onmouseout="isHover = false"
  >
    <div
      id="northLabel"
      class="day-label north-label"
    ></div>
    <div
      id="southLabel"
      class="day-label south-label"
    ></div>
  </div>
  <div class="shadow">
    <span
      id="label"
      class="label"
    ></span>
  </div>
</div>

<div
  class="orbit-container"
  onmouseover="isHover = true"
  onmousemove="hoverOrbit(event)"
  onmouseout="isHover = false"
>
  <div class="sun"></div>
  <div class="earth"></div>
  <div class="labels">
    <div>
      <span> Solstice </span>
      <span> Equinox </span>
      <span> Solstice </span>
    </div>
    <div>
      <span> Dec 21<small>st</small> </span>
      <span>
        Mar 20<small>th</small>
        <br/>
        Sep 23<small>rd</small>
      </span>
      <span> Jun 21<small>st</small> </span>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
!

CSS 

              
                $angMax: 23.4;

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-family: 'Times New Roman';
  font-weight: 100;
  font-style: italic;
  background: #222;
}

h1 {
  margin-top: 5vh;
  color: #fff;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 32px;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 100;
  letter-spacing: 2px;
  
  i {
    font-size: 14px;
    vertical-align: 35%;
  }
  
  b {
    font-family: Helvetica;
  }
  
  span {
    display: inline-block;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #fff8;
    height: 33px;
    padding: 0 6px;
  }
}

.earth-container {
  $earthWidth: 380px;
  @keyframes rotate {
    from {
      background-position: 0 0;
    }
    to {
      background-position: #{$earthWidth * 2.5} 0;
    }
  }
  
  position: relative;
  margin: 80px 0 120px calc(50% - #{$earthWidth / 2});
  height: $earthWidth;
  background:
    linear-gradient(
      90deg,
      #222 #{$earthWidth / 2},
      #0000 #{$earthWidth / 2}
    ),
    linear-gradient(#0000 0, #111 0.5%, #111 98.5%, #0000 100%);
  cursor: pointer;
  
  .globe {
    position: absolute;
    width: $earthWidth;
    height: 100%;
    border-radius: 100%;
    background: url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Peters_projection%2C_white_%26_grey.png') 0 0 / 250% 100%, #008;
    animation: rotate 40s infinite linear;
    transform: rotate(
      calc(#{-$angMax}deg * var(--ang))
    );

    &:before,
    &:after {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      inset: 100% 50% -80px;
      width: 1px;
      border-left: 2px solid #fff8;
    }
    
    &:after {
      inset: -40px 50% 100%;
    }
  }
  
  .day-label {
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    z-index: 10;
    width: 50px;
    text-align: right;
    color: #fff;
    pointer-events: none;

    &:after {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      inset: 50% -#{$earthWidth * 0.68} 50% 145%;
      border-bottom: 2px dotted #fff;
      border-top: 2px dotted #383977;
      z-index: 10;
    }

    &.north-label {
      top: 8%;
    }

    &.south-label {
      bottom: 10%;
    }
  }

  .shadow {
    position: absolute;
    width: $earthWidth;
    height: 100%;
    z-index: 20;
    pointer-events: none;

    &:before {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      inset: -200px 0;
      clip-path: circle(#{($earthWidth / 2) + 1px});
      box-shadow: inset -180px 0 20px 0 #000d;
      border-radius: 100%;
    }

    &:after {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      inset: 100% 50% -80px;
      width: 1px;
      border-left: 2px solid #fff8;
    }

    .label {
      position: absolute;
      height: 16px;
      width: fit-content;
      bottom: -55px;
      left: calc(50% + 8px);
      color: #fff;

      &:before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        bottom: 22px;
        left: $earthWidth * -0.625;
        padding: $earthWidth * 0.6;
        border: 2px dotted #fff8;
        border-radius: 100%;
        clip-path: circle(
          calc(
            #{2 * $angMax}px *
            max(var(--ang), -1 * var(--ang))
          ) at
          calc(
            50% + (
              #{2 * $angMax}px * var(--ang)
            )
          ) 100%
        );
      }
    }
  }
}

.orbit-container {
  position: relative;
  width: 650px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: calc(100vw - 80px);
  cursor: pointer;
  
  &:before,
  &:after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 37px 0 auto 0;
    height: 8px;
    border-radius: 100%;
    border: 2px dashed #fff8;
  }
  
  &:before {
    border-bottom-width: 0;
    z-index: -10;
  }
  
  &:after {
    border-top-width: 0;
    z-index: 5;
  }
  
  .earth {
    $c-earth: #8686bd;
    $c-earth-d: #393877;
    
    @keyframes earthBg {
      0%    { background: linear-gradient(90deg, $c-earth 50%, $c-earth-d 50%);  }
      49.9% { background: linear-gradient(90deg, $c-earth 50%, $c-earth-d 50%);  }
      50%   { background: linear-gradient(-90deg, $c-earth 50%, $c-earth-d 50%); }
      100%  { background: linear-gradient(-90deg, $c-earth 50%, $c-earth-d 50%); }
    }
	
    @keyframes earthFg {
      0% {
        transform: scale(1, 1);
        background: $c-earth;
      }
      24.9% {
        transform: scale(0, 1);
        background: $c-earth;
      }
      25% {
        transform: scale(0, 1);
        background: $c-earth-d;
      }
      49.9% {
        transform: scale(-1, 1);
        background: $c-earth-d;
      }
      50% {
        transform: scale(1, 1);
        background: $c-earth-d;
      }
      74.9% {
        transform: scale(0, 1);
        background: $c-earth-d;
      }
      75% {
        transform: scale(0, 1);
        background: $c-earth;
      }
      100% {
        transform: scale(-1, 1);
        background: $c-earth;
      }
    }
    
    position: absolute;
    top: 10px;
    left: calc((var(--ang) * 50%) + 50% - 30px);
    z-index: var(--ang-z);
    border-radius: 100%;
    padding: 30px;
    animation: earthBg linear infinite;
    animation-duration: 1s;
    animation-delay: calc((1s * var(--ang-full)) - 1.75s);
    animation-play-state: paused;
    pointer-events: none;
    
    &:before {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      inset: -15px 50%;
      width: 1px;
      transform: rotate(-23.4deg);
      border-left: 1px solid #fff8;
      z-index: 20;
    }
    
    &:after {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      border-radius: 50%;
      animation: earthFg linear infinite;
      animation-duration: inherit;
      animation-delay: inherit;
      animation-play-state: inherit;
    }
  }
  
  .sun {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 5;
    left: calc(50% - 40px);
    border-radius: 100%;
    background-color: #dbae2d;
    padding: 40px;
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  
  .labels {
    padding: 120px 0 40px;
    
    div {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      justify-content: space-between;
      
      &:first-child {    
        span {
          display: inline-block;
          font-style: normal;
          border-bottom: 1px solid #fff8;
          padding: 0 3px;
          height: 16px;
        }
      }
      
      &:last-child {
        padding: 4px;
        font-size: 14px;
      }
    }
  }
}
!

JS 

              
                let
  isHover = false,
  frame = 0;

const
  MAX_ANG = 23.4,
  MONTHS = ['December', 'January', 'Feburary', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November'];

const
  label = document.getElementById('label'),
  northLabel = document.getElementById('northLabel'),
  southLabel = document.getElementById('southLabel'),
  angleCss = document.createElement('style');
document.head.prepend(angleCss);

function setAngle(angValue) {
  let ang = easeAng(angValue);
  angleCss.innerText =
    `body {
      --ang: ${ang};
      --ang-full: ${angValue};
      --ang-z: ${10 - Math.floor((angValue) * 10)};
    }`;
  
  label.innerHTML =
    Math.abs(ang * MAX_ANG).toFixed(1) +
    '&deg<br/>' +
    MONTHS[Math.floor(((angValue * 12) + 0.7) % 12)];
  
  const hrs = Math.round(7 + (5 * (1 + ang)));
  northLabel.innerText = hrs + ' hrs';
  southLabel.innerText = (24 - hrs) + ' hrs';
}

function easeAng(angValue) {
  let eased = (angValue > 0.5 ? 1 - angValue : angValue) * 2;
  eased = -0.5 * (Math.cos(Math.PI * eased) - 1);
  return (2 * eased) - 1;
}

function hoverOrbit(e) {
  frame = 125 * (e.offsetX / e.target.offsetWidth);
}

setInterval(() => {
  if (!isHover) {
    frame += 1;
    frame %= 250;
  }
  setAngle(frame / 250);
}, 50);
!
999px

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