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HTML 

              
                <p id="fps"></p>
<canvas id="antsCanvas"></canvas>
<canvas id="pathCanvas"></canvas>
<article>
  each path keeps passed ant count<br/>
  visited paths attract more ants<br/>
  exploration is probability based (blue ants)<br/>
  inspired by: &nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMc6UR5blS0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMc6UR5blS0</a>
</article>
!

CSS 

              
                body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: #fff;
}
canvas {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
p {
  position: absolute;
  margin: 10px;
  background: #eee;
}
article {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 10px;
  left: 10px;
  color: #8C4A74;
}
!

JS 

              
                // https://twitter.com/msvaljek
// https://msvaljek.blogspot.com/2013/08/canvas-ant-colony-optimization.html

// standard shim
window.requestAnimFrame = (function(){
	return window.requestAnimationFrame ||
	window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
	window.mozRequestAnimationFrame ||
	function( callback ) {
		window.setTimeout(callback, 1000 / 60);
	};
})();
function randomInInterval(min, max) {
	return min + Math.round(Math.random() * (max - min));
}

// dom stuff
var canvas = document.getElementById('pathCanvas');
var antCanvas = document.getElementById('antsCanvas');

var fpsOut = document.getElementById('fps');

canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
ctx.lineCap = 'round';

antCanvas.width = window.innerWidth;
antCanvas.height = window.innerHeight;
var antctx = antCanvas.getContext('2d');

var fps = 0, now, lastUpdate = (new Date())*1 - 1, fpsFilter = 50;

var ants = [];

function generateNewAnimation() {
	canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
	canvas.height = window.innerHeight;

	antCanvas.width = window.innerWidth;
	antCanvas.height = window.innerHeight;

	pathSystem = new PathSystem();
	pathSystem.draw();

	ants = [];
	fps = 0;
	lastUpdate = (new Date())*1 - 1;
}

window.onresize = function() {
	generateNewAnimation();
};

var globals = {
	margin : 20,

	rows : 5,
	columns : 10,
	pathColor : '#5B3B82',
	pathLoopCycle : 120,

	bindJointsFromTopFlipFlop : false,

	antSpeed : 2,
	antColor : '#FFA6C4',
	antExploringColor : '#3785DE',
	antRadius : 5,
	antInterval : 30,

	explorationProbability : 0.5
};

var gui = new dat.GUI();
var f1 = gui.addFolder('Ant Appearance');
f1.addColor(globals, 'antColor').name('Ant Color');
f1.addColor(globals, 'antExploringColor').name('Exploring Ant');
f1.add(globals, 'antRadius').min(3).max(10).step(1).name('Ant Size');
f1.open();

var f2 = gui.addFolder('Colony optimization parameters');
f2.add(globals, 'antSpeed').min(0.5).max(10).step(0.5).name('Ant Speed');
f2.add(globals, 'antInterval').min(5).max(1000).step(1).name('New Ant Interval');
f2.add(globals, 'explorationProbability').min(0).max(0.8).step(0.01).name('Exploring %');
f2.open();

var f3 = gui.addFolder('Path parameters');
f3.addColor(globals, 'pathColor').name('Path Color');
f3.add(globals, 'rows').min(5).max(15).step(1).name('Max Path Rows').onFinishChange(generateNewAnimation);
f3.add(globals, 'columns').min(5).max(20).step(1).name('Max Path Cols').onFinishChange(generateNewAnimation);
f3.add(window, 'generateNewAnimation').name('Generate New');
f3.close();

var Joint = function (x, y, id) {
	this.x = x;
	this.y = y;

	this.connections = [];
	this.selections = [0, 0];

	// just to make the graph creation easier
	this.id = id;
};

var DrawPath = function (x1, y1, x2, y2) {
	this.x1 = x1;
	this.y1 = y1;
	this.x2 = x2;
	this.y2 = y2;
};
DrawPath.prototype.getKey = function () {
	return this.x1 + '_' + this.y1 + '_' + this.x2 + '_' + this.y2;
};

var PathSystem = function () {
	var canvasYHalf = Math.round(canvas.height / 2);

	this.head = new Joint(globals.margin, canvasYHalf);

	var jointsBefore = [this.head];
	var newJoints = [];
	this.drawingMap = [];

	var dX = Math.round((canvas.width - 2 * globals.margin) / (globals.columns + 1));
	var dY = Math.round((canvas.height - 2 * globals.margin) / (globals.rows + 1));

	var i, k;

	for (var x = 0; x < globals.columns; x++) {
		var possibleNodes = [];
		for (var y = 0; y < globals.rows; y++) {
			var id = y;
			possibleNodes[y] = new Joint(dX + x * dX, dY + y * dY, id);
		}
		var selection;
		var newConnectedNodes = [];
		// flip flop to start binding from top or bottom (makes the grap look more random)
		globals.bindJointsFromTopFlipFlop = !globals.bindJointsFromTopFlipFlop;
		if (globals.bindJointsFromTopFlipFlop) {
			// bind from top
			var minPossible = 0;
			for (i = 0; i < jointsBefore.length; i++) {
				selection = randomInInterval(minPossible, possibleNodes.length - 1);
				if (selection > minPossible) {
					minPossible = selection;
				}
				jointsBefore[i].connections[0] = possibleNodes[selection];
				newConnectedNodes[selection] = true;

				selection = randomInInterval(minPossible, possibleNodes.length - 1);
				if (selection > minPossible) {
					minPossible = selection;
				}
				if (jointsBefore[i].connections[0].id !== selection) {
					jointsBefore[i].connections[1] = possibleNodes[selection];
					newConnectedNodes[selection] = true;
				}
			}
		} else {
			// bind from bottom
			var maxPossible = possibleNodes.length - 1;
			for (i = jointsBefore.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
				selection = randomInInterval(0, maxPossible);
				if (selection < maxPossible) {
					maxPossible = selection;
				}
				jointsBefore[i].connections[0] = possibleNodes[selection];
				newConnectedNodes[selection] = true;

				selection = randomInInterval(0, maxPossible);
				if (selection < maxPossible) {
					maxPossible = selection;
				}
				if (jointsBefore[i].connections[0].id !== selection) {
					jointsBefore[i].connections[1] = possibleNodes[selection];
					newConnectedNodes[selection] = true;
				}
			}
		}

		jointsBefore = [];
		for (k = 0; k < newConnectedNodes.length; k++) {
			if (newConnectedNodes[k] === true) {
				jointsBefore.push(possibleNodes[k]);
			}
		}
	}

	var tail = new Joint(canvas.width - globals.margin, canvasYHalf);

	for (k = 0; k < jointsBefore.length; k++) {
		jointsBefore[k].connections[0] = tail;
	}
};
PathSystem.prototype.mapPathConnections = function (joint) {
	var drawPath;
	if (joint.connections.length > 0) {
		drawPath = new DrawPath(joint.x, joint.y, joint.connections[0].x, joint.connections[0].y);
		this.drawingMap[drawPath.getKey()] = drawPath;

		this.mapPathConnections(joint.connections[0]);

		if (joint.connections.length  == 2) {
			drawPath = new DrawPath(joint.x, joint.y, joint.connections[1].x, joint.connections[1].y);
			this.drawingMap[drawPath.getKey()] = drawPath;

			this.mapPathConnections(joint.connections[1]);
		}
	}
};
PathSystem.prototype.draw = function () {

	if (this.drawingMap.length === 0) {
		this.mapPathConnections(this.head);
	}

	ctx.strokeStyle = globals.pathColor;

	var drawedPath;

	for (var key in this.drawingMap) {

		drawedPath = this.drawingMap[key];

		ctx.moveTo(drawedPath.x1, drawedPath.y1);
		ctx.lineTo(drawedPath.x2, drawedPath.y2);
		ctx.stroke();
	}
};

var pathSystem = new PathSystem();
pathSystem.draw();

var Ant = function (joint) {
	this.x = joint.x;
	this.y = joint.y;
	this.selectDestination(joint);

	this.exploring = false;
	this.reachedEnd = false;
};
Ant.prototype.selectDestination = function (joint) {

	this.exploring = false;

	if (joint && joint.connections.length > 0) {

		var selectedNode;

		if (joint.connections.length > 1) {
			if (Math.random() > globals.explorationProbability) {
				selectedNode = joint.selections[0] >= joint.selections[1] ? 0 : 1;
			} else {
				this.exploring = true;
				selectedNode = joint.selections[0] <= joint.selections[1] ? 0 : 1;
			}
		} else {
			selectedNode = 0;
		}

		this.destination = joint.connections[selectedNode];
		joint.selections[selectedNode]++;
		this.orientToPoint(this.destination);
	} else {
		this.reachedEnd = true;
	}
};
Ant.prototype.orientToPoint = function (dot) {
	var dy = (dot.y - this.y);
	var dx = (dot.x - this.x);
	this.angle = Math.atan2(dy, dx);
};
Ant.prototype.draw = function () {
	if (!this.reachedEnd) {
		var dx = globals.antSpeed * Math.cos(this.angle);
		var dy = globals.antSpeed * Math.sin(this.angle);
		if (this.x + dx > this.destination.x) {
			this.selectDestination(this.destination);
		} else {
			this.x += dx;
			this.y += dy;
		}

		antctx.fillStyle = this.exploring ? globals.antExploringColor : globals.antColor;
		antctx.beginPath();
		antctx.arc(this.x, this.y, globals.antRadius, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
		antctx.fill();
	}
};

var antCounter = 0;
var pathDrawCounter = 0;

ants.push(new Ant(pathSystem.head));

(function animloop(){
	requestAnimFrame(animloop);

	antCounter++;
	pathDrawCounter++;

	if (pathDrawCounter >= globals.pathLoopCycle) {
		pathSystem.draw();
		pathDrawCounter = 0;
	}

	if (antCounter >= globals.antInterval) {
		ants.push(new Ant(pathSystem.head));
		antCounter = 0;
	}

	antctx.clearRect(0, 0, antCanvas.width, antCanvas.height);

	for (var ai = 0; ai < ants.length; ai++) {
		if (ants[ai].reachedEnd) {
			ants.splice(ai, 1);
		} else {
			ants[ai].draw();
		}
	}

	var thisFrameFPS = 1000 / ((now=new Date()) - lastUpdate);
	fps += (thisFrameFPS - fps) / fpsFilter;
	lastUpdate = now;
})();

setInterval(function(){
  fpsOut.innerHTML = fps.toFixed(1) + " fps";
}, 1000);
!
999px

Console