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HTML

              
                <div class="container">
  
  <div class="text">
    使用 Javascript 识别文件 MIME TYPE 类型
  </div>
  
  <div class="demo-contain">
    <section class="output-contain output-contain--extension">
      <h2>1. 使用 e.target.files[0].type 来获取文件类型(Read file type using e.target.files[0].type)</h2>
      <input type="file" class="control-extension"/>
      <div class="output">
        <dl>
          <dt>File Type: </dt><dd class=""></dd>
        </dl>
      </div>
    </section>
    
    <section class="output-contain output-contain--mn">
      <h2>2. 通过 FileReader.readAsArrayBuffer 来读取文件二进制数据,从而匹配文件类型。(Read file type using file signature/magic number)</h2>
      <input type="file" class="control-magic-number" />
      <div class="output">
        <dl>
          <dt>&bull;&nbsp;Bytes (decimal): </dt>
          <dd class="bytes-decimal"></dd>
        </dl>
        <dl>
          <dt>&bull;&nbsp;Bytes (hex): </dt>
          <dd class="bytes-hex"></dd>
        </dl>
        <dl>
          <dt>&bull;&nbsp;File MIME TYPE: </dt>
          <dd class="file-type"></dd>
        </dl>
      </div>
    </section>
    
    <section class="file-signatures__contain">
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th>file extension</th>
            <th>file signature</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <!-- JPG/JPEG -->
          <tr>
            <td rowspan="4">image/jpeg</td>
            <td>FF D8 FF E0</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>FF D8 FF E1</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>FF D8 FF E2</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>FF D8 FF E3</td>
          </tr>
          <!-- PNG -->
          <tr>
            <td>image/png</td>
            <td>89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A</td>
          </tr>
          <!-- GIF -->
          <tr>
            <td rowspan="2">image/gif</td>
            <td>47 49 46 38 37 61</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>47 49 46 38 39 61</td>
          </tr>
          <!-- AVI -->
          <tr>
            <td>video/avi</td>
            <td>52 49 46 46 00 00 00 00 41 56 49 20</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      
      <div class="text text-info">
        如果想要测试 avi 文件,需要相对较小的样本(比如这里:<a href="http://www.engr.colostate.edu/me/facil/dynamics/avis.htm">High Speed Camera Sample AVI's</a>)。原因是,比如说你从硬盘的哪个角落翻出一部电影来,1 个 G,2 个 G,以至于几个 G,通过  input[type="file"] 来提取文件流,需要对文件 (BLOB) 进行裁切(slice)操作,不然基本就炸。
      </div>  
    </section>
  </div>
</div>
              
            
!

CSS

              
                html {
  font-size: 14px;
}

body {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji";
}

.container {
  width: 85%;
  max-width: 720px;
  background: #f1f2f3;
  margin: .65rem auto;
  padding: .65rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.text {
  font-size: .95rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: .65rem;
  color: #000000;
  margin: .65rem;
  
  &.text-info {
    font-size: .85rem; 
    color: #646566;
    
    &:before {
      content: '*';
      color: red;
    }
    a:link, 
    a:hover,
    a:visited,
    a:active,
    a:focus {
      color: #0066cc;
    }
  }
}

.demo-contain {
  > .output-contain {
    padding: .65rem;
  }
  > .output-contain > h2 {
    margin: .325rem 0;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  > .output-contain > div.output {
    margin: .325rem 0;
  }
  > .output-contain > input[type="file"] {
    margin: .325rem 0;
  }
  > .output-contain > div.output > dl {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-flow: row wrap;
    margin-bottom: .325rem;
  }
  > .output-contain > div.output > dl dt,
  > .output-contain > div.output > dl dd {
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
  > .output-contain > div.output > dl dt {
     flex-basis: 30%;
  }
  > .output-contain > div.output > dl dd {
     flex-basis: 60%;
  }
}

.file-signatures__contain {
  width: 100%;
  > table {
    width: 100%;
    border: 1px solid #a3a4a5;
  }
  > table th,
  > table td {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    padding: .35rem 0;
    border: 1px solid #a3a4a5;
  }
  table th {
    background: #454647;
    color: #ffffff;
  }
  > table td {
    background: #f3f4f5;
    vertical-align: middle;
    text-align: center;
  }
}
              
            
!

JS

              
                ;((win, doc, $) => {
  'use strict'
  
  let $outputE = $('section.output-contain--extension .output')
    , $outputMN = $('section.output-contain--mn .output')
    // control to read MIME TYPE using file extension
    , $controlE = $('input.control-extension')
    // control to read MIME TYPE using MAGIC NUMBER
    , $controlMN = $('input.control-magic-number')
    // decimal bytes output 
    , $bytesDecimal = $('.bytes-decimal', $outputMN)
    // hex bytes output
    , $bytesHex = $('.bytes-hex', $outputMN)
    , $fileType = $('.file-type', $outputMN)
  
  $controlE.on('change', (e) => { 
    $('dl dd', $outputE).text(e.target.files[0].type) 
  }) 
  
  const handleFileTYpe = (view) => {
    let first4Bytes = view.getUint32(0, false);
    let first4BytesHex = Number(first4Bytes).toString(16).toUpperCase()
    
    var count = 0 
    while (count < 4) {
      var int8 = view.getUint8(count, false)
      count++
    }
    
    // show the decimal value of bytes
    $bytesDecimal.text(first4Bytes)
    // show the hex value of bytes
    $bytesHex.text(first4BytesHex)
    
    switch (first4BytesHex) {
      case 'FFD8FFE0':
      case 'FFD8FFE1':
      case 'FFD8FFE2':
      case 'FFD8FFE3':
        $fileType.text('image/jpeg'); break;
      case '89504E47':
        $fileType.text('image/png'); break;
      case '47494638':
        $fileType.text('image/gif'); break;
      case '52494646':
        $fileType.text('video/avi'); break;
      default:
        $fileType.text('undefined'); break;
    }
  }
  
  const handleFileType = (file) => {
    let FR = new FileReader()
    FR.onload = (e)  => {
      let af = e.target.result
        , view = new DataView(af);
      
      /* for testing purpose START */
      let uint8 = new Uint8Array(af)
        , bytesFromUint8 = uint8.subarray(0, 4);
      
      let uint16 = new Uint16Array(af)
        , bytesFromUint16 = uint16.subarray(0, 2);
      
      let uint32 = new Uint32Array(af)
        , bytesFromUint32 = uint32.subarray(0, 1);
      
      console.log('uint8: ', bytesFromUint8.reduce((hex, decimal) => hex + Number(decimal).toString(16) + ' ', ' '))
      console.log('uint16: ', bytesFromUint16.reduce((hex, decimal) => hex + Number(decimal).toString(16) + ' ', ' '))
      console.log('uint32: ', bytesFromUint32.reduce((hex, decimal) => hex + Number(decimal).toString(16) + ' ', ' '))
      /* for testing purpose END */
      
      handleFileTYpe(view);
    }
    FR.readAsArrayBuffer(file)
  }
  
  $controlMN.on('change', (e) => { 
    handleFileType(e.target.files[0])
  })
  
})(window, document, jQuery)
              
            
!
999px

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