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HTML

About HTML Preprocessors

HTML preprocessors can make writing HTML more powerful or convenient. For instance, Markdown is designed to be easier to write and read for text documents and you could write a loop in Pug.

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Adding Classes

In CodePen, whatever you write in the HTML editor is what goes within the <body> tags in a basic HTML5 template. So you don't have access to higher-up elements like the <html> tag. If you want to add classes there that can affect the whole document, this is the place to do it.

About the <head>

In CodePen, whatever you write in the HTML editor is what goes within the <body> tags in a basic HTML5 template. If you need things in the <head> of the document, put that code here.

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Insecure Resource

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CSS

About CSS Preprocessors

CSS preprocessors help make authoring CSS easier. All of them offer things like variables and mixins to provide convenient abstractions.

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CSS Base

About CSS Base

It's a common practice to apply CSS to a page that styles elements such that they are consistent across all browsers. We offer two of the most popular choices: normalize.css and a reset. Or, choose Neither and nothing will be applied.

Vendor Prefixing

About Vendor Prefixing

To get the best cross-browser support, it is a common practice to apply vendor prefixes to CSS properties and values that require them to work. For instance -webkit- or -moz-.

We offer two popular choices: Autoprefixer (which processes your CSS server-side) and -prefix-free (which applies prefixes via a script, client-side).

Add External Stylesheets/Pens

Any URLs added here will be added as <link>s in order, and before the CSS in the editor. You can use the CSS from another Pen by using its URL and the proper URL extension.

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About External Resources

You can apply CSS to your Pen from any stylesheet on the web. Just put a URL to it here and we'll apply it, in the order you have them, before the CSS in the Pen itself.

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JavaScript

About JavaScript Preprocessors

JavaScript preprocessors can help make authoring JavaScript easier and more convenient.

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Babel includes JSX processing.

Add External Scripts/Pens

Any URL's added here will be added as <script>s in order, and run before the JavaScript in the editor. You can use the URL of any other Pen and it will include the JavaScript from that Pen.

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About External Resources

You can apply a script from anywhere on the web to your Pen. Just put a URL to it here and we'll add it, in the order you have them, before the JavaScript in the Pen itself.

If the script you link to has the file extension of a preprocessor, we'll attempt to process it before applying.

You can also link to another Pen here, and we'll pull the JavaScript from that Pen and include it. If it's using a matching preprocessor, we'll combine the code before preprocessing, so you can use the linked Pen as a true dependency.

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Packages

Add Packages

Search for and use JavaScript packages from npm here. By selecting a package, an import statement will be added to the top of the JavaScript editor for this package.

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About Packages

Using packages here is powered by esm.sh, which makes packages from npm not only available on a CDN, but prepares them for native JavaScript ESM usage.

All packages are different, so refer to their docs for how they work.

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HTML 

              
                <!-- Include A-Frame latest master distribution, via RawGit. -->
<!-- Really should be in <head>; in CodePen body for simple viewing. -->
<script src="https://rawgit.com/aframevr/aframe/master/dist/aframe-master.min.js"></script>

<!-- Components and shaders go after A-Frame, but before the scene declaration. -->
<script>
AFRAME.registerShader('my-custom', {
  // The schema declares any parameters for the shader.
  schema: {
    // Where relevant, it is customary to support color.
    // The A-Frame schema uses `type:'color'`, so it will parse string values like 'white' or 'red.
    // `is:'uniform'` tells A-Frame this should appear as uniform value in the shader(s).
    color: {type:'color', is:'uniform', default:'red'},
    // It is customary to support opacity, for fading in and out.
    opacity: {type:'number', is:'uniform', default:1.0}
  },
  
  // Setting raw to true uses THREE.RawShaderMaterial instead of ShaderMaterial,
  // so your shader strings are used as-is, for advanced shader usage.
  // Here, we want the usual prefixes with GLSL constants etc.,
  // so we set it to false.
  // (Which is also the default, so we could have omitted it).
  raw: false,
  
  // Here, we're going to use the default vertex shader by omitting vertexShader.
  // But note that if your fragment shader cares about texture coordinates,
  // the vertex shader should set varying values to use in the fragment shader. 
  
  // Since almost every WebVR-capable browser supports ES6,
  // define our fragment shader as a multi-line string.
  fragmentShader: 
`
  // Use medium precision.
  precision mediump float;

  // This receives the color value from the schema, which becomes a vec3 in the shader.
  uniform vec3 color;

  // This receives the opacity value from the schema, which becomes a number.
  uniform float opacity;

  // This is the shader program.
  // A fragment shader can set the color via gl_FragColor,
  // or decline to draw anything via discard.
  void main () {
    // Note that this shader doesn't use texture coordinates.
    // Set the RGB portion to our color,
    // and the alpha portion to our opacity.
    gl_FragColor = vec4(color, opacity);
  }
`
});
</script>

<!-- Declaration of the A-Frame scene. -->
<a-scene>
  <!-- Black skybox at effectively infinite distance. -->
  <!-- a-box is used instead of a-sky because it requires less processing than the sphere that a-sky generates. -->
  <!-- Z scale is inverted so that the inside surface gets the color. -->
  <a-box width="10000" height="10000" depth="-10000" color="black">
    <!-- Inside the black skybox, a box using our shader, 2 meters ahead, not fully opaque, and blue. -->
    <a-box material="shader:my-custom; color:blue; opacity:0.7; transparent:true" position="0 0 -2"></a-box>
    <!-- Inside the black skybox, a box behind the previous one, 3 meters ahead. -->
    <a-box position="0 0 -3"></a-box>
  </a-box>
</a-scene>
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