<body>
  <div id="m1">
    <p>html, css, javascript</p>
    <p>html5와 웹표준</p>
    <p></p>
  </div>
  <div id="m2">
    <span></span>
    <span>내용1</span>
  </div>
  <div id="m3">
    <section>
      <article>내용2_1</article>
    </section>
    <section>
      <div>
        <article>내용2_2</article>
      </div>
    </section>
  </div>
</body>
* {
  margin: 5px;
}

#m1 > p:last-child {
  height: 20px;
}

span {
  display: inline-block;
  height: 20px;
}
$(document).ready(function(){
  $("#m1 > p:contains('html')").css("border", "4px solid red");
  $("#m1 > p:empty").css("border", "4px solid orange");
  $("#m2 > span:parent").css("border", "4px solid yellow");
  $("#m3 > section:has(article)").css("border", "4px solid green");
})

External CSS

This Pen doesn't use any external CSS resources.

External JavaScript

  1. https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.1/jquery.min.js