<header class='header'>
  <h1 id='title' class='header__title'>Katherine Johnson</h1>
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      <li class='dropdown'><span class='dropdown__btn'>Biography</span>
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          <li class='dropdown__menu__item'><a class='dropdown__menu__link' href='#early-life'>Early life</a></li>
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          <li class='dropdown__menu__item'><a class='dropdown__menu__link' href='#personal-life-and-death'>Personal life and death</a></li>
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          <li class='dropdown__menu__item'><a class='dropdown__menu__link' href='#awards'>Awards</a></li>
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          <li class='dropdown__menu__item'><a class='dropdown__menu__link' href='#introduction'>Intro</a></li>
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<main id='main' class='page-content'>
  <article id='tribute-info' class='article-content'>
    <header class='article-header'>
      <h2 id='biography' class='article-header__title'>Biography</h2>
    </header>
    <section class='section-content'>
      <figure id='img-div' class='photo'>
        <img id='image' class='photo__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/katherine-johnson-image.jpeg?raw=true' alt='Image of Katherine Johnson' />
        <figcaption id='img-caption' class='photo__caption'>
          Katherine Johnson, pictured here at NASA's Langley Research Center, where she worked as a computer and mathematician.
        </figcaption>
      </figure>
      <h3 id='early-life' class='section-content__title'>Early life</h3>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Katherine Johnson was born as Creola Katherine Coleman on August 26, 1918, in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, to Joylette Roberta
        (née Lowe) and Joshua McKinley Coleman. She was the youngest of four children. Her mother was a teacher and her father was a lumberman,
        farmer, and handyman, and worked at the Greenbrier Hotel.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        After graduating from high school at 14, Johnson enrolled at West Virginia State, a historically black college.
        She graduated summa cum laude in 1937, with degrees in mathematics and French, at age 18. She took on a teaching job at a black public
        school in Marion, Virginia.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        In 1939, after marrying her first husband, James Goble, she left her teaching job and enrolled in a graduate math program. She quit one
        year later after becoming pregnant and chose to focus on her family life. She was the first African-American woman to attend graduate
        school at West Virginia University in Morgantown, West Virginia.
      </p>
    </section>
    <section class='section-content'>
      <h3 id='career' class='section-content__title'>Career</h3>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Johnson decided on a career as a research mathematician, although this was a difficult field for African Americans and women to enter.
        The first jobs she found were in teaching. At a family gathering in 1952, a relative mentioned that the National Advisory Committee for
        Aeronautics (NACA) was hiring mathematicians. At the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, based in Hampton, Virginia, near
        Langley Field, NACA hired African-American mathematicians as well as whites for their Guidance and Navigation Department. Johnson
        accepted a job offer from the agency in June 1953.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        In 1958, NACA became NASA, and the Space Race began. Johnson's passion was geometry, which was useful for calculating the
        trajectories of spacecraft. For NASA's 1961 Mercury mission, she knew that the trajectory would be a parabola, a type of symmetrical
        curve. So when NASA wanted the capsule to come down at a certain place, she was not deterred.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        <q>You tell me when you want it and where you want it to land, and I'll do it backwards and tell you when to take off,</q> Johnson said.
        Subsequent orbital missions were more complicated, with more variables involving the position and rotation of the Earth, so
        Johnson used a celestial training device to perform her calculations.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        The next challenge was to send humans to the moon, and Johnson's calculations helped sync the Apollo 11 lunar lander with the
        moon-orbiting command and service module to get the astronauts back to Earth. She also proved invaluable on the Apollo 13 mission,
        providing backup procedures that helped ensure the crew's safe return after their craft malfunctioned. She later helped to develop
        the space shuttle program and Earth resources satellite, and she co-authored 26 research reports before retiring in 1986.
      </p>
    </section>
    <section class='section-content'>
      <h3 id='personal-life-and-death' class='section-content__title'>Personal life and death</h3>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Katherine and James Francis Goble had three daughters: Constance, Joylette, and Katherine. The family lived in Newport News, Virginia,
        from 1953. James died of an inoperable brain tumor in 1956 and, three years later, Katherine married James A, a United States Army
        officer and veteran of the Korean War.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Johnson died Feb. 24, 2020, at age 101. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine announced her death and promised that her legacy would
        be remembered.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        <q>Our NASA family is sad to learn the news that Katherine Johnson passed away this morning at 101 years old. She was an American hero,
          we will never forget her courage and leadership and the milestones we could not have reached without her,</q> Bridenstine said.
        <q>We will continue building on her legacy.</q>
      </p>
    </section>
    <section class='section-content'>
      <h3 id='awards' class='section-content__title'>Awards</h3>
      <figure class='photo'>
        <img class='photo__img' src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/main/obama-medal-freedom.webp' alt='President Barack Obama rewards Johnson' />
        <figcaption class='photo__caption'>
          President Barack Obama awarded Johnson the Presidential Medal of Freedom, America's highest civilian
          honor, <time datetime='2015-11-24'>2015</time>.
        </figcaption>
      </figure>
      <ul class='list'>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='1971'>1971</time></strong>, <strong><time datetime='1980'>1980</time></strong>,
          <strong><time datetime='1984'>1984</time></strong>, <strong><time datetime='1985'>1985</time></strong>,
          <strong><time datetime='1986'>1986</time></strong>: NASA Langley Research Center Special Achievement award
        </li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='1977'>1977</time></strong>, NASA Group Achievement Award presented to the Lunar Spacecraft and
          Operations team – for pioneering work in the field of navigation supporting the spacecraft that orbited and mapped the
          Moon in preparation for the Apollo program</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='1998'>1998</time></strong>, Honorary Doctor of Laws, from SUNY Farmingdale</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='1999'>1999</time></strong>, West Virginia State College Outstanding Alumnus of the Year</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2006'>2006</time></strong>, Honorary Doctor of Science by the Capitol College, Laurel, Maryland</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2010'>2010</time></strong>, Honorary Doctorate of Science from Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2014'>2014</time></strong>, De Pizan Honor from National Women's History Museum</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2015'>2015</time></strong>, NCWIT Pioneer in Tech Award</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2015'>2015</time></strong>, Presidential Medal of Freedom</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2016'>2016</time></strong>, Silver Snoopy award from Leland Melvin</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2016'>2016</time></strong>, Astronomical Society of the Pacific's Arthur B.C. Walker II Award</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2016'>2016</time></strong>, Presidential Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from West Virginia
          University, Morgantown, West Virginia</li>
        <li class='list__item'>On <strong><time datetime='2016-12-01'>December 1, 2016</time></strong>, Johnson received the Langley West Computing Unit
          NASA Group Achievement Award at a reception at the Virginia Air and Space Center. Other awardees included her colleagues,
          Dorothy Vaughan and Mary Jackson.</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2017'>2017</time></strong>, Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) Medal of Honor</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2017'>2017</time></strong> Honorary Doctorate from Spelman College</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2018-05-12'>May 12, 2018</time></strong>, Honorary Doctorate of Science from the College of William &
          Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia</li>
        <li class='list__item'>On <strong><time datetime='2019-04-29'>April 29, 2019</time></strong>, the University of Johannesburg and its Faculty of
          Science conferred Johnson with the degree of Philosophiae Doctor Honoris causa for her pioneering role at NASA.</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2019-11-08'>November 8, 2019</time></strong>, Congressional Gold Medal</li>
        <li class='list__item'><strong><time datetime='2021'>2021</time></strong>, Induction into the National Women's Hall of Fame</li>
      </ul>
    </section>
  </article>
  <article class='article-content'>
    <header class='article-header'>
      <h2 id='movie' class='article-header__title'>Movie</h2>
    </header>
    <section class='section-content'>
      <h3 id='plot' class='section-content__title'>Plot</h3>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Katherine Johnson works at the Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia in 1961, alongside her colleagues Mary Jackson and Dorothy
        Vaughan. All of them are African-American women; the unit is segregated by race and sex. White supervisor Vivian Mitchell assigns Katherine
        to assist Al Harrison's Space Task Group, given her skills in analytic geometry. She becomes the first Black woman on the team; head engineer
        Paul Stafford is especially dismissive.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Mary is assigned to the space capsule heat shield team, where she immediately identifies a design flaw. Encouraged by her team leader
        Karl Zielinski, a Polish-Jewish Holocaust survivor, Mary applies for an official NASA engineer position. She is told by Mitchell that,
        regardless of her mathematics and physical science degree, the position requires additional courses. Mary files a petition for permission to
        attend all-white Hampton High School, despite her husband's opposition. Pleading her case in court, she wins over the local judge by appealing
        to his sense of history, allowing her to attend night classes.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Katherine meets African-American National Guard Lt. Col. Jim Johnson, who voices skepticism about women's mathematical abilities. He later
        apologizes and begins spending time with Katherine and her three daughters. The Mercury 7 astronauts visit Langley, and astronaut John
        Glenn goes out of his way to greet the West Area women. Katherine impresses Harrison by solving a complex mathematical equation from
        redacted documents, as the Soviet Union's successful launch of Yuri Gagarin increases pressure to send American astronauts into space.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Harrison confronts Katherine about her "breaks," unaware that she is forced to walk a half-mile (800 meters) to use the nearest colored
        people's bathroom. She angrily explains the discrimination she faces at work, which leads Harrison to knock down the "Colored Bathroom"
        sign and abolish bathroom segregation. He allows Katherine to be included in high-level meetings to calculate the space capsule's
        re-entry point. Stafford makes Katherine remove her name from reports, insisting that computers cannot author them, and her work is credited
        solely to Stafford.
      </p>
      <figure class='photo'>
        <img class='photo__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/hidden-figures-movie.png?raw=true' alt='Image of the film hidden figures' />
        <figcaption class='photo__caption'>
          An incredible & inspiring untold true story about three women at NASA who were instrumental in one of history’s
          greatest operations – the launch of astronaut John Glenn into orbit.
        </figcaption>
      </figure>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Informed by Mitchell that there are no plans to assign a "permanent supervisor for the colored group," Dorothy learns NASA has installed
        an IBM 7090 electronic computer that threatens to replace human computers. When a librarian scolds her for visiting the whites-only
        section, Dorothy takes a book about Fortran and teaches herself and her West Area co-workers programming. She visits the computer room,
        successfully starts the machine, and is promoted to supervise the Programming Department; she agrees to do so if thirty of her
        co-workers are transferred as well. Mitchell finally addresses her as "Mrs. Vaughan."
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Making final arrangements for John Glenn's launch, the department no longer needs human computers; Katherine is reassigned to the West
        Area and marries Jim. On the day of the launch, discrepancies are found in the IBM 7090 calculations, and Katherine is asked to check
        the capsule's landing coordinates. She delivers the results to the control room, and Harrison allows her inside. After a successful
        launch and orbit, a warning indicates the capsule's heat shield may be loose. Mission Control decides to land Glenn after three orbits
        instead of seven, and Katherine supports Harrison's suggestion to leave the retro-rocket attached to help keep the heat shield in place.
        The Friendship 7 lands successfully.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Though the mathematicians are ultimately replaced by electronic computers, a textual epilogue reveals Mary obtained her engineering
        degree and became NASA's first female African-American engineer; Dorothy continued as NASA's first African-American supervisor; and
        Katherine, accepted by Stafford as a report co-author, went on to calculate the trajectories for the Apollo 11 and Space Shuttle
        missions. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 2016, NASA dedicated the Langley Research Center's Katherine
        Johnson Computational Building in her honor.
      </p>
    </section>
    <section class='section-content'>
      <h3 id='cast' class='section-content__title'>Cast</h3>
      <div class='cast-container'>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/taraj-henson.jpg?raw=true' alt='taraj henson image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Taraji P. Henson as Katherine Goble Johnson, mathematician</p>
        </div>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/octavia-spencer.jpg?raw=true' alt='octavia spencer image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Octavia Spencer as Dorothy Vaughan, mathematician and supervisor</p>
        </div>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/main/janelle-mon%C3%A1e.webp' alt='janelle monáe image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Janelle Monáe as Mary Jackson, mathematician and engineer</p>
        </div>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/kevin-costner.jpg?raw=true' alt='kevin costner image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Kevin Costner as Al Harrison, director of the Space Task Group (STG)</p>
        </div>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/kirsten-dunst.jpeg?raw=true' alt='kirsten dunst image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Kirsten Dunst as Vivian Mitchell, supervisor</p>
        </div>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/jim-parsons.jpg?raw=true' alt='jim parsons image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Jim Parsons as Paul Stafford, head engineer in STG</p>
        </div>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/mahershala-ali.jpg?raw=true' alt='mahershala ali image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Mahershala Ali as Jim Johnson, military officer who romances and eventually marries Katherine</p>
        </div>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/aldis-hodge.jpg?raw=true' alt='aldis hodge image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Aldis Hodge as Levi Jackson</p>
        </div>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/glen-powell.jpg?raw=true' alt='glen powell image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Glen Powell as John Glenn, astronaut</p>
        </div>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/kimberly-quinn.jpg?raw=true' alt='kimberly quinn image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Kimberly Quinn as Ruth</p>
        </div>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/olek-krupa.jpg?raw=true' alt='olek krupa image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Olek Krupa as Karl Zielinski, engineer (a fictionalized version of Kazimierz Czarnecki who encourages Mary Jackson)</p>
        </div>
        <div class='actor'>
          <img class='actor__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/saniyya-sidney.jpg?raw=true' alt='saniyya sidney image'>
          <p class='actor__role'>Saniyya Sidney as Constance Johnson</p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </section>
  </article>
  <article class='article-content'>
    <header class='article-header'>
      <h2 id='book' class='article-header__title'>Book</h2>
    </header>
    <section class='section-content'>
      <h3 id='introduction' class='section-content__title'>Introduction</h3>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Who Helped Win the Space Race is a 2016 nonfiction book written
        by Margot Lee Shetterly. Shetterly started working on the book in 2010. The book takes place from the 1930s through the 1960s when
        some viewed women as inferior to men. The biographical text follows the lives of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson,
        three mathematicians who worked as computers (then a job description) at NACA and NASA, during the space race. They overcame discrimination
        there, as women and as African Americans. Also featured is Christine Darden, who was the first African-American woman to be promoted into
        the Senior Executive Service for her work in researching supersonic flight and sonic booms.
      </p>
      <figure class='photo'>
        <img class='photo__img' src='https://github.com/HawksSpawn/images-for-fcc/blob/main/margot-lee-shetterly.jpeg?raw=true' alt='Image of Margot Lee Shetterly with her book "Hidden Figures"' />
        <figcaption class='photo__caption'>Image of author Margot Lee Shetterly on the right with her book "Hidden Figures" on the left</figcaption>
      </figure>
    </section>
    <section class='section-content'>
      <h3 id='topic' class='section-content__title'>Topic</h3>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        Hidden Figures tells the story of three African-American women who worked as computers to solve problems for engineers and others at NASA.
        For the first years of their careers, the workplace was segregated and women were kept in the background as human computers. Author
        Margot Lee Shetterly's father was a research scientist at NASA who worked with many of the book's main characters.
      </p>
      <p class='section-content__text'>
        The book explains how these three historical women overcame discrimination and racial segregation to become three American
        achievers in mathematics, scientific and engineering history. The main character, Katherine Johnson, calculated rocket trajectories
        for the Mercury and Apollo missions. Johnson successfully "took matters into her own hands"; by being assertive with her supervisor; when her
        mathematical abilities were recognized, Katherine Johnson was allowed into what had previously been all-male meetings at NASA.
      </p>
    </section>
    <footer class='footer'>
      Read more about <a id='tribute-link' class='footer__link' href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>
        Katherine Johnson's life</a> on <em>Wikipedia</em>.
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