<div data-name="div" class="log">
  <table data-name="table" class="log">
    <tr data-name="tr" class="log">
      <td data-name="td" class="log">
        <button data-name="button" class="log">
          Kliknij mnie
        </button>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </table>
</div>

function eventConsole(event){
  console.log(this.dataset.name,event.target.dataset.name)
}

Array.from(
document.getElementsByClassName("log")
).forEach(object=>{
  object.addEventListener("click", eventConsole);
})