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CSS

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HTML 

              
                <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
    <script src="scripts.js" defer></script>
</head>
<body>
    <form>
        <fieldset>
            <legend>Tweak Light/Dark Mode Preferences</legend>
            <label for="os">Operating System</label>
            <select name="os" id="os">
                <option value="light">Light Mode</option>
                <option value="dark">Dark Mode</option>
            </select>
            <label for="browser">Browser (All Sites)</label>
            <select name="browser" id="browser">
                <option value="inherit">Inherit</option>
                <option value="light">Light Mode</option>
                <option value="dark">Dark Mode</option>
            </select>
            <label for="website">Current Website</label>
            <select name="website" id="website">
                <option value="inherit">Inherit</option>
                <option value="light">Light Mode</option>
                <option value="dark">Dark Mode</option>
            </select>
        </fieldset>
    </form>
    
    <div class="browser" inert>
        <div class="topbar">
            <div class="windowbuttons">
                <button class="close"></button>
                <button class="minimize"></button>
                <button class="maximize"></button>
            </div>
            <div class="tabbar">
                <a class="tab active" href="#" data-page="bram.us" data-url="https://www.bram.us/">
                    <span class="title">Bram.us</span>
                    <button class="close">&times;</button>
                </a>
                <a class="tab" href="#" data-page="other.site" data-url="https://www.other.site/">
                    <span class="title">Other.site</span>
                    <button class="close">&times;</button>
                </a>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="toolbar">
            <button>←</button>
            <button>→</button>
            <button>⤾</button>
            <input class="omnibox" type="text" value="https://www.bram.us/" readonly />
            <button id="togglebutton">
                <span data-show-when="light">🌕</span>
                <span data-show-when="dark">🌑</span>
            </button>
        </div>
        <div class="page active" data-page="bram.us">
            <h1>Welcome to Bram.us!</h1>
        </div>
        <div class="page" data-page="other.site">
            <h1>Welcome to Other.Site</h1>
        </div>
    </div>
    <footer>
        <p>Demo for <a href="https://brm.us/browser-dark-mode-toggle" target="_top">https://brm.us/browser-dark-mode-toggle</a></p>
    </footer>
</body>
</html>
!

CSS 

              
                :root {
    color-scheme: light; /* This demo page itself only light for demonstration purposes */
}

body {
    display: grid;
    place-content: center;
    gap: 2em;
	margin-top: 2em;
}

.browser[data-browser-theme="light"] {
	--topbar-background: #DFE1E5;
	--tabbar-tab-active-background: white;
	--tabbar-tab-active-foreground: black;
	--tabbar-tab-hover-background: #EBECEF;
	--toolbar-background: var(--tabbar-tab-active-background);
	--toolbar-foreground: var(--tabbar-tab-active-foreground);
	--toolbar-button-hover-background: #ECEDEF;
	--omnibox-background: #ECEDEF;
	--omnibox-foreground: black;
}
.browser[data-browser-theme="dark"] {
	--topbar-background: #202325;
	--tabbar-tab-active-background: #323639;
	--tabbar-tab-active-foreground: #EDEDED;
	--tabbar-tab-hover-background: #323639;
	--toolbar-background: var(--tabbar-tab-active-background);
	--toolbar-foreground: var(--tabbar-tab-active-foreground);
	--toolbar-button-hover-background: #282C2F;
	--omnibox-background: #282C2F;
	--omnibox-foreground: #EDEDED;
}

.browser[data-website-theme="light"] {
	--website-main: black;
	--website-background: white;
}
.browser[data-website-theme="dark"] {
	--website-main: white;
	--website-background: #222;
}

.browser button {
    border: none;
	display: block;
	width: 2em;
    aspect-ratio: 1;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: transparent;
	color: inherit;
}

.browser {
    border-radius: 0.5em;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto 1fr;
    min-height: 10em;
    min-width: 25em;
	height:  20em;
	width: 35em;
    overflow: hidden;
	
	/* Nice Shadow: https://www.joshwcomeau.com/css/designing-shadows/ */
    box-shadow:
      0 1px 1px hsl(0deg 0% 0% / 0.075),
      0 2px 2px hsl(0deg 0% 0% / 0.075),
      0 4px 4px hsl(0deg 0% 0% / 0.075),
      0 8px 8px hsl(0deg 0% 0% / 0.075),
      0 16px 16px hsl(0deg 0% 0% / 0.075)
    ;
	
	resize: both;
}

.topbar, .toolbar {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";
	user-select: none;
}

input {
    font-family: inherit;
}

.topbar {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1em;
    padding: 0 1em;
    background-color: var(--topbar-background);
}

.windowbuttons {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.25em;
}

.windowbuttons button {
	width: 1em;
}

.windowbuttons button.close {
    background: #EC6A5E;
}
.windowbuttons button.minimize {
    background: #F4BF4F;
}
.windowbuttons button.maximize {
    background: #61C454;
}

.tabbar {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.25em;
}

.tabbar .tab {
    align-self: flex-end;
    padding: 0.25em 0.5em 0.25em 0.75em;
    margin-top: 0.4em;
    border-top-left-radius: 0.4em;
    border-top-right-radius: 0.4em;

    text-decoration: none;

    min-width: 8em;
    display: flex;
	align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    color: var(--tabbar-tab-active-foreground);
}

.tabbar .tab:hover {
    background: var(--tabbar-tab-hover-background);
}

.tabbar .tab.active {
    background: var(--tabbar-tab-active-background);
}

.tabbar .tab .close:hover {
    background: rgba(0 0 0 / 0.15);
}

.tabbar .tab .title {
	font-size: 0.9em;
}

.toolbar {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.25em;
    padding: 0.25em 0.25em;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0 0 0 / 0.25);
	background: var(--toolbar-background);
	color: var(--toolbar-foreground);
}

.toolbar button:hover {
    background-color: var(--toolbar-button-hover-background);
}

.toolbar input {
    flex: 1;
    border: none;
    background: var(--omnibox-background);
	color: var(--omnibox-foreground);
    border-radius: 10em;
    padding: 0 1em;
}

.page {
    padding: 1em;
	color: var(--website-main);
	background: var(--website-background);
    display: none;
}

.page.active {
    display: block;
}

.page h1 {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

fieldset {
	display: grid;
	gap: 0.5em;
	grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr;
}

footer {
	text-align: center;
}

[data-show-when] {
	display: none;
}

[data-website-theme="light"] [data-show-when="light"],
[data-website-theme="dark"] [data-show-when="dark"] {
	display: block;
}

footer {
    font-style: italic;
}
!

JS 

              
                document.querySelector('form').addEventListener('submit', (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
});

const $osSetting = document.querySelector('#os');
const $browserSetting = document.querySelector('#browser');
const $siteSetting = document.querySelector('#website');

let activeSite = 'bram.us';
const siteSettings = {
    'bram.us': 'inherit',
    'other.site': 'inherit',
};

const getThemeToApplyOnSite = () => {
	if (['light', 'dark'].includes(siteSettings[activeSite])) {
		return siteSettings[activeSite];
	}

	if (['light', 'dark'].includes($browserSetting.value)) {
		return $browserSetting.value;
	}
	
	return $osSetting.value;
}

const getThemeToApplyOnBrowserUI = () => {
	const $osSetting = document.querySelector('#os');
	return $osSetting.value;
}

const $browser = document.querySelector('.browser');
const syncSettings = () => {
	$browser.setAttribute('data-browser-theme', getThemeToApplyOnBrowserUI());
	$browser.setAttribute('data-website-theme', getThemeToApplyOnSite());
}

window.addEventListener('load', (e) => {
	syncSettings();
});

$siteSetting.addEventListener('change', (e) => {
    siteSettings[activeSite] = $siteSetting.value;
});

document.querySelectorAll('select').forEach(($dropdown) => {
	$dropdown.addEventListener('change', (e) => {
		syncSettings();
	});
});

document.querySelectorAll('.tab').forEach(($tab) => {
    $tab.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
        // Deactivate current tab
        document.querySelector('.tab.active').classList.remove('active');
        document.querySelector('.page.active').classList.remove('active');

        // Activate tab and page for new site
        activeSite = e.currentTarget.getAttribute('data-page');
        document.querySelector(`.tab[data-page="${activeSite}"]`).classList.add('active');
        document.querySelector(`.page[data-page="${activeSite}"]`).classList.add('active');

        // Update site dropdown to use stored value
        $siteSetting.value = siteSettings[activeSite];

        // Update URLbar
        document.querySelector('.toolbar input').value = e.currentTarget.getAttribute('data-url');

        // Rerender
        syncSettings();
    });
});
!
999px

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