<div class="controls">
  <button data-origin="content-box" class="selected">content-box</button>
  <button data-origin="padding-box">padding-box</button>
  <button data-origin="border-box">border-box</button>
</div>
<div class="demo">
  <div class="element"></div>
  <div class="shadow"></div>
</div>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100vh;
}

.demo {
  --img-size: 100%;
  --gap: 40px;
  position: relative;
  flex: 1;
}

img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.element {
  height: 100%;
  max-width: var(--img-size);
  background-size: cover;
  background-image: url(https://picsum.photos/seed/1600/900);     
  background-size: cover;
  background-clip: border-box;
  background-origin: border-box;  
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  pointer-events: none;
  -webkit-mask-image: url(https://i.imgur.com/NAUmQr8.png);
          mask-image: url(https://i.imgur.com/NAUmQr8.png);
  -webkit-mask-size: 200px;
          mask-size: 200px;          
  -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
          mask-repeat: no-repeat;
  -webkit-mask-position: 0 0;
          mask-position: 0 0;

  -webkit-mask-origin: content-box;
          mask-origin: content-box;
  
  padding: var(--gap);
  border: var(--gap) solid transparent;  
}

.shadow {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  opacity: .2;
  background-clip: content-box;
  background-origin: content-box;
  width: var(--img-size);
  background-image: url(https://picsum.photos/seed/1600/900);     
  background-size: cover;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

.shadow::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  content: " ";
  position: absolute;
  top: var(--gap);
  left: var(--gap);
  right: var(--gap);
  bottom: var(--gap);

  border: var(--gap) solid hsla(0, 0%, 0%, .7);  
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 var(--gap)  hsl(0, 100%, 50%, .7);
}

.controls {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1px;
}

button {
  flex: 1;
  padding: 1em 0;
  border: 0;
  outline: transparent;
  background-color: #424242;
  color: #fff;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-weight: bold;
}

button:hover {
  background-color: #212121;
}

button.selected {
  background-color: #ff8a00;
}
var element = document.querySelector('.element');
var buttons = document.querySelectorAll('button');

document.addEventListener('click', function (e) {              
  if(e.target.matches('button')) {
    buttons.forEach(function(ele) {
      ele.classList.remove('selected');
    });
    e.target.classList.add('selected');
    element.style.MaskOrigin = e.target.getAttribute('data-origin');
    element.style.webkitMaskOrigin = e.target.getAttribute('data-origin');
  }
})

External CSS

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External JavaScript

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