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HTML

              
                <!-- Have to put SVG first on the page to deal with Safari 6 -->
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="SVGsprites">
  <defs>
    <g id="icon-search" aria-labeledby="title-search" aria-describedby="desc-search" role="image">
      <!-- viewbox: 0 0 512 512 -->
      <title id="title-search">Search:</title>
      <desc id="desc-search">Type some text to perform a search.</desc>
      <path d="M496.1 435.7l-121.3-103.1c-12.5-11.3-25.9-16.5-36.8-16 28.6-33.5 45.9-77 45.9-124.6 0-106-86-192-192-192s-192 86-192 192 86 192 192 192c47.5 0 91.1-17.3 124.6-45.9-0.5 10.8 4.7 24.2 16 36.8l103.1 121.3c17.7 19.6 46.5 21.3 64.1 3.7s15.9-46.4-3.7-64.1zM192 320c-70.7 0-128-57.3-128-128s57.3-128 128-128 128 57.3 128 128-57.3 128-128 128z"
      />
    </g>
    <g id="icon-search-line" aria-labeledby="title-search-line" aria-describedby="desc-search-line" role="image">
      <!-- viewbox: 0 0 1024 1024 -->
      <title id="title-search-line">Perform search.</title>
      <desc id="desc-search-line">Submit your search term(s).</desc>
      <path d="M640 0.2c-212.1 0-384 171.9-384 384 0 64.8 16.2 125.9 44.6 179.5l-267 266.9 0.2 0.2c-20.9 20.5-33.9 48.9-33.9 80.5 0 62.4 50.6 112.9 112.9 112.9 31.5 0 60-13 80.5-33.9l-0.1-0.1 266.9-266.9c53.6 28.5 114.8 44.8 179.7 44.8 212.1 0 384-171.9 384-384s-171.9-384-384-384zM153.4 950.3c-10.3 10.7-24.6 17.4-40.5 17.4-31.2 0-56.5-25.2-56.5-56.4 0-15.9 6.7-30.2 17.4-40.5l-0.3-0.3 258.1-258.1c22.6 30.4 49.4 57.3 79.8 79.9l-258 258zM640 704.2c-176.7 0-320-143.3-320-320 0-176.7 143.3-320 320-320 176.7 0 320 143.3 320 320 0 176.7-143.3 320-320 320zM640 160.2c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16c-106 0-192 86-192 192 0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16s-16-7.2-16-16c0-123.7 100.3-224 224-224z"
      />
    </g>
  </defs>
</svg>

<header id="Banner">
  <a href="#">Fancy Logo!</a>
  
  <form method="get" action="http://adrianroselli.com/">
    <div role="search">
      <label for="s1" aria-label="Search for:">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet">
          <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-search"></use>
        </svg>
      </label>
      <input type="text" value="" name="s1" id="s1" placeholder="Search…">
      <button aria-label="Perform search." type="submit">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet">
          <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-search-line"></use>
        </svg>
      </button>
    </div>
  </form>
  
</header>

<main>
  
  <h1>Responsive Progressive Accessible Vanilla Search</h1>
  
  <p>
    This is a demo for <a href="http://adrianroselli.com/2015/12/responsive-progressive-accessible-vanilla-search.html">my post of the same name</a>. Not only does the link take you to my post, it also acts as an additional tab-stop on the page so you can play with the keyboard support.
  </p>
<!--
  <h2>To-do:</h2>
  
  <ul>
    <li><strike>Search icon does nothing when clicked in Safari on a Mac, so fix that. (Required a width of at least .07em, WTF?)</strike></li>
    <li><strike>Safari 6 doesn't even show the SVG. (required SVG to appear before its display use)</strike></li>
    <li><strike>Fix submit SVG to lean on text size. (needed a font-size on the button)</strike></li>
    <li><strike>Move search out of content area.</strike></li>
    <li><strike>Fix jump on search open.</strike></li>
    <li><strike>Get tabbing working in Firefox.</strike></li>
    <li><strike>Get it working in IE (10).</strike></li>
    <li><strike>Test in Edge.</strike></li>
    <li>Figure out why there seem to be extra tab stops in IE, Edge.</li>
    <li><strike>Make it functional without any JS (as there is no preceding-sibling selector).</strike></li>
    <li><strike>Media queries for small screen (perma-expand).</strike></li>
  </ul>
-->
</main>



              
            
!

CSS

              
                @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700);

body {
  background-color: #6D695C;
  background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAMAAAAoLQ9TAAAACVBMVEUAAAAAAAAAAACDY+nAAAAAA3RSTlMmDQBzGIDBAAAAG0lEQVR42uXIIQEAAADCMHj/0NdkQMws0HEeAqvwAUGJthrXAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC);
  font-size: 100%;
  color: #333;
  font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

a:hover, a:focus {
  color: #f00;
}

header {
  margin: 0;
  padding: .5em;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
}

header::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  clear: both;
  margin-bottom: 1em;
}

header a {
  display: block;
  margin: 1em 0 0 1em;
  border: 2px solid #c90;
  width: 3em;
  color: #fff;
  background-color: #000;
  padding: .25em;
  text-align: center;
  transform: rotate(-365deg);
  transition: all .5s ease-in;
}

@media all and (min-width: 24em) {

  header a {
    float: left;
    font-size: 120%;
  }

}

header a:link,
header a:visited,
header a:active,
header a:hover,
header a:focus {
  text-decoration: none;
}

header a:hover,
header a:focus {
  color: #fff;
  transform: rotate(0deg);
  border-color: #f00;
  outline: none;
}

main {
  display: block;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 90%;
  margin: 1em auto;
  padding: 1em 2em;
  color: #000;
  background-color: rgba(204, 204, 204, .7);
  border: .07em solid rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
  border-radius: .5em;
}

/* Search bits */

form {
  margin: 1em auto;
  padding: 0 1em;
}

input[type="text"] {
  padding: .5em 0;
  font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 100%;
}

@media all and (min-width: 24em) {

  header form {
    float: right;
  }

}

main + svg, body > svg {
  display: none;
}

/* Start the search form styles */

[role="search"] {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-radius: .5em;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  padding: 0;
  /*max-width: 36em;*/
  line-height: 1.6;
  display: inline-block;
  line-height: 0;
  transition: all .2s ease-in;
  background-color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
  width: 100%;
}

[role="search"].notempty {
  background-color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
}

[role="search"]::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  clear: both;
}

[role="search"] label {
  display: inline-block;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 .5em 0;
  float: left;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all .2s ease-in;
  height: 1.5em; /* for IE */
  text-indent: -1000px;
  width: 0;
}

[role="search"] label svg {
  fill: #fff;
  width: 1.5em;
  margin-top: .5em; /* Must go away for IE. Ugh. */
  transition: all .2s ease-in;
}

[role="search"] input[type="text"]:focus ~ label svg,
[role="search"].notempty label svg {
  fill: transparent;
}

[role="search"] input[type="text"] {
  border: none;
  border-radius: .5em;
  background-color: transparent;
  margin: 0;
  padding: .5em .75em;
  width: 65%;
  width: calc(100% - 4em);
  transition: all .2s ease-in;
}

[role="search"] input[type="text"]:focus {
  outline: none;
  background-color: #fff; /* Needed for non-JS */
}

input::-webkit-input-placeholder {
  color: #757575; /* a11y FTW! */
}

input:-ms-input-placeholder {
  color: #757575; /* a11y FTW! */
}

input::-moz-placeholder {
  color: #757575; /* a11y FTW! */
  opacity: 1; /* https://www.quirksmode.org/blog/archives/2015/12/styling_placeho.html */
}

[role="search"] button {
  font-size: 90%; /* This allows the width in ems to scale  */
  width: 2em;
  height: auto;
  margin: .3em .25em 0 .25em;
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  background: transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all .2s ease-in;
  float: right;
}

[role="search"] button:hover,
[role="search"] button:focus {
  outline: none;
}

[role="search"] input[type="text"]:focus ~ button,
[role="search"].notempty button {
  float: right;
  text-indent: 0;
  width: 2em;
  display: block;
}

[role="search"] button svg {
  display: block;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-right: .2em;
  fill: #757575;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  transition: all .2s ease-in;
}

[role="search"] button:hover svg,
[role="search"] button:focus svg {
  fill: #00f;
}

[role="search"] input[type="text"]:focus ~ button svg,
[role="search"].notempty button svg {
  /*height: 100%;*/
  /*width: 4em;*/
}

@media all and (min-width: 24em) {
  
  [role="search"] {
    background-color: transparent;
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
    width: auto;
  }

  [role="search"] label {
    text-indent: 0;
    width: auto;
  }

  [role="search"] input[type="text"]:focus ~ label,
  [role="search"].notempty label {
    text-indent: -1000px;
    width: 0;
  }
  
  [role="search"] input[type="text"] {
    width: .07em; /* Must have min width or Safari won't work*/
    padding: 0;
    float: left;
  }

  /*[role="search"] label:matches(:hover, :focus) /for/ input, CSS Selectors 4, 13.5. Reference combinators http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors4/#idref-combinators, no support */
  [role="search"] input[type="text"]:focus,
  [role="search"].notempty input[type="text"] {
    padding: .5em .75em;
    width: 65%;
    width: calc(100% - 5.5em); /* changed from 4em */
  }

  [role="search"] button {
    display: none;
    width: 0;
    text-indent: -1000px;
  }

  [role="search"].notempty button:hover svg,
  [role="search"].notempty button:focus svg {
    fill: #00f; /* Color for when JS fires */
  }

  [role="search"] button:hover svg,
  [role="search"] button:focus svg {
    fill: #fff; /* Color for non-JS */
  }
  
}

              
            
!

JS

              
                // Get the search field by ID
var eID = document.getElementById("s1");

// Declare the event object and set it to null
var eventObj = null;

// Add the event listeners I want to track
eID.addEventListener("focus", checkSearch, false);
eID.addEventListener("blur", checkSearch, false);
eID.addEventListener("keydown", checkSearch, false);

function checkSearch(eventObj) {
  try {
    // Get the event type from the object
    eventType = eventObj.type
    // Map the tab key to a variable
    var TABKEY = 9;
    // Get the search input text value
    eIDval = eID.value;
    // Get the parent element
    eIDparent = eID.parentElement;
    // Set a class since we are on it
    eIDparent.className = "notempty";
    // Get the button
    eIDbutton = eIDparent.getElementsByTagName('button')[0];
    // Set the button tabindex
    eIDbutton.setAttribute('tabindex', '0');
    // If the text value is not blank
    if (eIDval != '') {
      // Give it a class that will stay
      eIDparent.className = "notempty";
    }
    // If the text value is blank
    else {
      // Check if focus has left the input first
      if (eventType == 'blur') {
        // Set tabindex on button to remove from flow
        eIDbutton.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');
        // Remove the class
        eIDparent.className = "";
      }
      // Check if user hit a key
      if (eventType == 'keydown') {
        // See if the user hit the tab key
        if (eventObj.keyCode == TABKEY) {
          // Set tabindex on button to remove from flow
          eIDbutton.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');
        }
      }
    }
  } catch (e) {
    console.log(e);
  }
}

              
            
!
999px

Console