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HTML

About HTML Preprocessors

HTML preprocessors can make writing HTML more powerful or convenient. For instance, Markdown is designed to be easier to write and read for text documents and you could write a loop in Pug.

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Adding Classes

In CodePen, whatever you write in the HTML editor is what goes within the <body> tags in a basic HTML5 template. So you don't have access to higher-up elements like the <html> tag. If you want to add classes there that can affect the whole document, this is the place to do it.

About the <head>

In CodePen, whatever you write in the HTML editor is what goes within the <body> tags in a basic HTML5 template. If you need things in the <head> of the document, put that code here.

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CSS

About CSS Preprocessors

CSS preprocessors help make authoring CSS easier. All of them offer things like variables and mixins to provide convenient abstractions.

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CSS Base

About CSS Base

It's a common practice to apply CSS to a page that styles elements such that they are consistent across all browsers. We offer two of the most popular choices: normalize.css and a reset. Or, choose Neither and nothing will be applied.

Vendor Prefixing

About Vendor Prefixing

To get the best cross-browser support, it is a common practice to apply vendor prefixes to CSS properties and values that require them to work. For instance -webkit- or -moz-.

We offer two popular choices: Autoprefixer (which processes your CSS server-side) and -prefix-free (which applies prefixes via a script, client-side).

Add External Stylesheets/Pens

Any URLs added here will be added as <link>s in order, and before the CSS in the editor. You can use the CSS from another Pen by using its URL and the proper URL extension.

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About External Resources

You can apply CSS to your Pen from any stylesheet on the web. Just put a URL to it here and we'll apply it, in the order you have them, before the CSS in the Pen itself.

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JavaScript

About JavaScript Preprocessors

JavaScript preprocessors can help make authoring JavaScript easier and more convenient.

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Babel includes JSX processing.

Add External Scripts/Pens

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About External Resources

You can apply a script from anywhere on the web to your Pen. Just put a URL to it here and we'll add it, in the order you have them, before the JavaScript in the Pen itself.

If the script you link to has the file extension of a preprocessor, we'll attempt to process it before applying.

You can also link to another Pen here, and we'll pull the JavaScript from that Pen and include it. If it's using a matching preprocessor, we'll combine the code before preprocessing, so you can use the linked Pen as a true dependency.

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Packages

Add Packages

Search for and use JavaScript packages from npm here. By selecting a package, an import statement will be added to the top of the JavaScript editor for this package.

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About Packages

Using packages here is powered by esm.sh, which makes packages from npm not only available on a CDN, but prepares them for native JavaScript ESM usage.

All packages are different, so refer to their docs for how they work.

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HTML 

              
                <h1 class="border1">Normal Document Flow in HTML</h1>
<div>This is a div. 
  <span> This is a span.</span>
  This is still the same div.
<div>

<p class="border1">This is a paragraph.</p>
<p class="plum">This is another paragraph.</p>
<div class="border1 plum">
  <p>This is a paragraph in a div.</p>
  <div>This is a div in a div.</div>
</div>
!

CSS 

              
                .plum { background: plum }
.border1 { border: 1px solid blue }

/*
h1 { background: plum; border: 1px solid blue }

div { background: plum; border: 1px solid blue }

p { background: plum; border: 1px solid blue }
*/

/*
HTML conclusions:
1. We can add a class attribute to any html tag. 2. Using class attributes in HTML is just a different way of tagging text on our web page.
3. Now any of our elements can have some additional information, provided in a class.
4. We can provide as many class names as we want to our class attribute. Just remember to separate class names with a space!


CSS conclusions:
1. To tell to CSS that we're targeting a class attribute in an HTML element, we need to put a dot in front of a class name. 
2. We follow it up with the actual class name.
3. Here's the formula:
.classname {
  property: value;
  property: value;
  ....
}
4. We can stick to only 1 property: value per class:

.classname {
  property: value
}

5. Or we can add as many property: value pairs as we like: 
. classname {
  property: value;
  property: value;
  property: value
}

*/
!

JS
!
999px

Console