<!--
Hello Camper!
Please read the README below in the JS Editor before beginning. Feel free to delete this message once you have read it. Good luck and Happy Coding!
- The freeCodeCamp Team
-->
<script src="https://cdn.freecodecamp.org/testable-projects-fcc/v1/bundle.js"></script>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<nav id="navbar">
<head>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Ubuntu:ital@1&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Koulen&family=Ubuntu:ital@1&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
<header class="title">
Philosophy Documentation
</header>
<ul>
<li><a class="nav-link" href="#What_is_Philosophy?">What is Philosophy?</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link" href="#Ancient_philosophy"> Ancient Philosophy </a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link" href="#Medieval_philosophy"> Medieval Philosophy </a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link" href="#Modern_philosophy"> Modern Philosophy </a></li>
<li> <a class="nav-link" href="#Contemporary_philosophy"> Contemporary Philosophy </a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link" href="#The_future_of_philosophy"> The Future of Philosophy </a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main id=main-doc>
<nav id="nav-bar">
<section class="main-section" id="What_is_Philosophy?">
<header>What is Philosophy?
</header>
<p> The word "Philosophy" comes from Greek: <code> φιλοσοφία</code> and means :<code> love for knowledge . </code> </p>
<p> Since remote ages humans have been observing nature and formulating questions about the world, themselves, god and the unknown.
<code> Philosophy </code> has a focus on the questions instead <code> Mythology and Religion </code> were composing stories that helped humans to find answers, shortly responding to the basic need of <code> believing </code> in something. </p>
<p> As soon as the first mankind evolved and left the life on trees, to walk faster was necessary to adopt an upright posture, the feet became hands and the sight could wander far away. This legitimate the birth of reasoning, from Greek <code>ἰδεῖν, idein = to see </code> and the development of technic, from Greek <code> τέχνη, tékhnē, craft, art.</code> </p> <br>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="Ancient_philosophy">
<header>
Ancient Philosophy
</header>
<p> Ancient philosophy in the West refers to philosophies that date from approximately the <code> sixth century B.C.E.</code> to about the third century C.E. and includes the philosophies of the <code> Pre-Socratics, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, </code> and those developed in Hellenistic and Roman periods. </p>
<p>The presocratic philosophy has his focus on the observation of nature and the related phenomenas. The goal is to find the element from which the existing originated, <code> the arche. </code> Here a list of the differents <code> arche/principles </code> with the corresponding philosophers</p>
<ul>
<li> Water, Thales. </li>
<li> Apeiron, "the infinite", Anaximander. </li>
<li> Nous, "the mind", Anaxagoras. </li>
<li> Fire, Heraklitus. </li>
</ul>
<p> <code>Socrates </code> from Athens is considered the founder of western philosophy and the first moral philosopher, even though he never wrote a single word.
Everything we know about him was written by his disciples and mainly by Plato.
His philosophy was based on the dialogue and the <code> Maieutic method. </code>
This word comes from the Greek <code> Maieutikos </code> that means <code> Midwifery </code> and alludes in a metaphorical way to the process of giving birth to ideas.
The starting point of every dialogue is the Socrates´s ignorance and his famous expression <code> I know, that I don´t know. </code>
This statement was the activator of every pedagogic process. By assuming not to know, the teacher invites through questions the student to find the answer and the truth.</p>
<p>
This very revolutionary method was and invitation to develop a critical way of thinking, assuming that truth is not something that is given by an authority, but something we have to research for and investigate.
The logical consequence of this process is that who kept authority didn´t find Socrates good for the society, in fact, he was condemned for impiety and corruption of the young and died after drinking poison hemlock.
</p>
<p> <code>Plato </code> was a student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle. He is one of the most important philosophers of ancient western philosophy, because of his theory of the eternal world of the Forms, his work on ethic, spirituality and epistemology. He is also the creator of the expression "platonic love" a form of idealistic and not carnal love. </p>
<p> <code> Aristotle </code> was the disciple of Plato and his considered the most intellectual philosophers of ancient western philosophy. Despite his teacher was aiming for an ideal world and abstract concepts, Aristotle was more concrete and structured.
His focus was on natural sciences and we can say he is the pioneer of scientific approach of classification and distinction of reality.
His work includes a wide spectrum of subjects like: biology, botany, chemistry, ethics, history, logic, metaphysics, rhetoric, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, physics, poetics, political theory, psychology, and zoology.
Moreover is the founder of the most important principle of modern logic, <code>the principle of not-contradiction </code> that says that :
<code>
“It is impossible for the same thing to belong and not to belong at the same time to the same thing and in the same respect” (with the appropriate qualifications) (Metaph IV 3 1005b19–20).
</code>
</p>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="Medieval_philosophy">
<header >
Medieval Philosophy
</header>
<p>Philosophy of the medieval period was closely connected to <code> Christian thought </code>, particularly theology, and the chief philosophers of the period were churchmen. Philosophers who strayed from this close relation were chided by their superiors. Greek philosophy ceased to be creative after Plotinus in the 3rd century C.E..
Here a list of the most important medieval philosophers: </p>
<ul>
<li> St Augustine of Hippo (345-430) </li>
<li> Thomas Aquinas (1224/25–74) </li>
<li> John Duns Scotus (c. 1265–1308 </li>
<li> William of Ockham (c. 1287–1347) </li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="Modern_philosophy">
<header>
Modern Philosophy
</header>
<p>
Modern philosophy is a philosophy developed in the modern era and associated with modernity. It is not a specific doctrine or school (and thus should not be confused with Modernism), although there are certain assumptions common to much of it, which helps to distinguish it from earlier philosophy.
The Modern period of philosophy generally corresponds to the <code>19th and 20th Century.</code>
Modern philosophy set for itself the <code>three ideals of simplicity, certainty, and linear comprehensiveness. </code>These operated as regulative ideals guiding inquiry and philosophical expositions, but were not themselves justified by means of arguments, and seldom articulated in an explicit way.
Here a list of the most important modern philosophical movements and their related philosophers: </p>
<ul>
<li> Rationalism. Descartes, Leibniz, Spinoza </li>
<li> Empiricism. Hume, Locke, Bacon. </li>
<li> Political philosophy, Rousseau, Marx, Hobbes. </li>
<li> Idealism. Kant, Fichte, Hegel . </li>
<li> Existentialism. Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Sartre. </li>
<li> Phenomenology. Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty </li>
<li> Analytic philosophy. Wittgenstein, Russel, Carnap. </li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="main-section" id="Contemporary_philosophy">
<header> Contemporary Philosophy
</header>
<p>
Contemporary philosophy is the present period in the history of Western philosophy, beginning <code> at the early 20th century </code> with the increasing professionalization of the discipline and the rise of analytic and continental philosophy.
Contemporary philosophy focuses on epistemology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of language, political philosophy, the history of debates in these areas, and philosophical examination of the assumptions, methods and claims of other areas of focus in science and social science. Here a summary with some of the most famous contemporary movements: </p>
<ul>
<li> Phenomenology. Husserl, Heidegger. </li>
<li> Postmodern philosophy. Deridda, Foucault. </li>
<li> Frankfurt School and critical theory. Adorno, Horkheimer,Benjamin, Habermas. </li>
<li> Post-structuralism. Barthes, Deridda, Deleuze, Foucault. </li>
</ul>
</section> <br>
<section class="main-section" id="The_future_of_philosophy">
<header>
The Future of Philosophy
</header>
<p>
In a time where we are always more surrounded by technology it is quite easy to say that <code>"The future of philosophy is the philosophy of technology." </code> (C.Pitt, The Future of Philosophy").
Philosophy should help the humankind to find a central place in the interactions with innovative processes like <code> AI, computers, algorithms, programming, mobile-apps and softwares.</code>
How can we keep a critical approach to knowledge and not lose our critical skills in a context where machines can operate for us?
How can we implement our work and behaviour with technology without loosing empathy and humanity?
How can we better our species´ evolution with technology and find a sustainable way to live with our eco-system?
</p>
</section>
</main>
</nav>
</body>
</html>
!
