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HTML

              
                <!-- title -->
<div class="box">
  <h1 class="box__title">Modals</h1>
  <p class="box__p">Click / Enter the buttons to open modals.</p>
</div>
<!-- /title -->


<!-- modal 1 -->
<div class="box">
  <a href="#m1-o" class="link-1" id="m1-c">Modal 1</a>
  <p class="box__info">Without Background</p>

  <div class="modal-container" id="m1-o" style="--m-background: transparent;">
    <div class="modal">
      <h1 class="modal__title">Modal 1 Title</h1>
      <p class="modal__text">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Facilis ex dicta maiores libero minus obcaecati iste optio, eius labore repellendus.</p>
      <button class="modal__btn">Button &rarr;</button>
      <a href="#m1-c" class="link-2"></a>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
<!-- /modal 1 -->


<!-- modal 2 -->
<div class="box">
  <a href="#m2-o" class="link-1" id="m2-c">Modal 2</a>
  <p class="box__info">With Background (Opacity .4)</p>

  <div class="modal-container" id="m2-o" style="--m-background: hsla(0, 0%, 0%, .4);">
    <div class="modal">
      <h1 class="modal__title">Modal 2 Title</h1>
      <p class="modal__text">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Facilis ex dicta maiores libero minus obcaecati iste optio, eius labore repellendus.</p>
      <button class="modal__btn">Button &rarr;</button>
      <button class="modal__btn">Button &rarr;</button>
      <a href="#m2-c" class="link-2"></a>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
<!-- /modal 2 -->


<!-- modal 3 -->
<div class="box">
  <a href="#m3-o" class="link-1" id="m3-c">Modal 3</a>
  <p class="box__info">With Background Full Opacity</p>

  <div class="modal-container" id="m3-o" style="--m-background: var(--global-background);">
    <div class="modal" style="--m-shadow: 0 0 10rem 0">
      <h1 class="modal__title">Modal 3 Title</h1>
      <p class="modal__text">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Facilis ex dicta maiores libero minus obcaecati iste optio, eius labore repellendus.</p>
      <button class="modal__btn">Button &rarr;</button>
      <button class="modal__btn">Button &rarr;</button>
      <a href="#m3-c" class="link-2"></a>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
<!-- /modal 3 -->


<!-- Note(s) -->
<div class="box">
  <p class="box__note">For users using a mouse, they have to close the modal to be able to click on something else, but for users using a keyboard, they can navigate outside of the modal (when modal is opened). Still need JavaScript for certain <em>things</em> but the pen is about what we can achieve using CSS only, so... and about why I gave the open modal link a unique id(m$-c) is because, when our users will click/enter the close link, I want to send them back to that open link rather than sending them on the top of the page(by setting href="#"). <em>Might</em> be not an issue for users using a mouse <em>(if I am the user, yes it definitely is)</em>, but for users using the keyboard, it definitely is; me just preventing that.</p>
</div>
<!-- /Note(s) -->

<a href="https://abubakersaeed.netlify.app/designs/d8-modals" class="abs-site-link" rel="nofollow noreferrer" target="_blank">abs/designs/d8-modals</a>
              
            
!

CSS

              
                /*
    ================================
        Best Viewed In Full Page
    ================================
*/

/* Because I'm using the fixed position for modals, if the screen height is small then you would not be able to see a full modal that's why it's recommended that you see this pen in full-page and not on editor view. */

/* defaults */
*,
*::after,
*::before {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  font-size: 62.5%;
}

body {
  --light: hsl(220, 50%, 90%);
  --primary: hsl(255, 30%, 55%);
  --focus: hsl(210, 90%, 50%);
  --border-color: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, .2);
  --global-background: hsl(220, 25%, 10%);
  --background: linear-gradient(to right, hsl(210, 30%, 20%), hsl(255, 30%, 25%));
  --shadow-1: hsla(236, 50%, 50%, .3);
  --shadow-2: hsla(236, 50%, 50%, .4);

  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
  color: var(--light);
  background: var(--global-background);
}

a,
a:link {
  font-family: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:focus {
  outline: none;
}

button::-moz-focus-inner {
  border: 0;
}


/* box */
.box {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  height: 100vh;
  padding: 0 4rem 2rem;
}

.box:not(:first-child) {
  height: 45rem;
}

.box__title {
  font-size: 10rem;
  font-weight: normal;
  letter-spacing: .8rem;
  margin-bottom: 2.6rem;
}

.box__title::first-letter {
  color: var(--primary);
}

.box__p,
.box__info,
.box__note {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
}

.box__info {
  margin-top: 6rem;
}

.box__note {
  line-height: 2;
}


/* modal */
.modal-container {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 10;

  display: none;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;

  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;

  /* --m-background is set as inline style */
  background: var(--m-background);
}

/* using :target */
/*
when users will click/enter button(link) browser will add a #id in a url and when that happens we'll show our users the modal that contains that id.
*/
.modal-container:target {
  display: flex;
}

.modal {
  width: 60rem;
  padding: 4rem 2rem;
  border-radius: .8rem;

  color: var(--light);
  background: var(--background);
  box-shadow: var(--m-shadow, .4rem .4rem 10.2rem .2rem) var(--shadow-1);
  position: relative;

  overflow: hidden;
}

.modal__title {
  font-size: 3.2rem;
}

.modal__text {
  padding: 0 4rem;
  margin-top: 4rem;

  font-size: 1.6rem;
  line-height: 2;
}

.modal__btn {
  margin-top: 4rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.6rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-radius: 100rem;

  color: inherit;
  background: transparent;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-family: inherit;
  letter-spacing: .2rem;

  transition: .2s;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.modal__btn:nth-of-type(1) {
  margin-right: 1rem;
}

.modal__btn:hover,
.modal__btn:focus {
  background: var(--focus);
  border-color: var(--focus);
  transform: translateY(-.2rem);
}


/* link-... */
.link-1 {
  font-size: 1.8rem;

  color: var(--light);
  background: var(--background);
  box-shadow: .4rem .4rem 2.4rem .2rem var(--shadow-1);
  border-radius: 100rem;
  padding: 1.4rem 3.2rem;

  transition: .2s;
}

.link-1:hover,
.link-1:focus {
  transform: translateY(-.2rem);
  box-shadow: 0 0 4.4rem .2rem var(--shadow-2);
}

.link-1:focus {
  box-shadow:
    0 0 4.4rem .2rem var(--shadow-2),
    0 0 0 .4rem var(--global-background),
    0 0 0 .5rem var(--focus);
}

.link-2 {
  width: 4rem;
  height: 4rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-radius: 100rem;

  color: inherit;
  font-size: 2.2rem;

  position: absolute;
  top: 2rem;
  right: 2rem;

  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;

  transition: .2s;
}

.link-2::before {
  content: '×';

  transform: translateY(-.1rem);
}

.link-2:hover,
.link-2:focus {
  background: var(--focus);
  border-color: var(--focus);
  transform: translateY(-.2rem);
}

.abs-site-link {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 20px;
  left: 20px;
  color: hsla(0, 0%, 1000%, .6);
  font-size: 1.6rem;
}
              
            
!

JS

              
                // @AbubakerSaeed96 (twitter)
// abubakersaeed.netlify.com
// =========================

// Suppose Javascript is off and there is some important content we want our users to see via modal, we can use this approach.

// Thank You for Viewing.

// CSS Modal v1:
// That version is in light mode and has little different design than this one
// https://codepen.io/AbubakerSaeed/pen/qBWRGNm
              
            
!
999px

Console