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<h1>Web Audio API<br>- fetch, store, play <span>(volume, loop, fade-in, fade-out)</span>, stop</h1>
<p>Updating to circumvent, or adapt to, Chrome's requirement:</p>
<blockquote>The AudioContext was not allowed to start. It must be resumed (or created) after a user gesture on the page.</blockquote>
<div>
<h2>Speak & Spell example <span>(hover prefetches, click plays)</span></h2>
<p class=speak>
<button onmouseover="Audio.load(alphabet.zero)" onclick="Audio.play(alphabet.zero);">Zero</button>
<button onmouseover="Audio.load(alphabet.one)" onclick="Audio.play(alphabet.one);">One</button>
<button onmouseover="Audio.load(alphabet.two)" onclick="Audio.play(alphabet.two);">Two</button>
<button onmouseover="Audio.load(alphabet.three)" onclick="Audio.play(alphabet.three);">Three</button>
<button onmouseover="Audio.load(alphabet.four)" onclick="Audio.play(alphabet.four);">Four</button>
<button onmouseover="Audio.load(alphabet.five)" onclick="Audio.play(alphabet.five);">Five</button>
<button onmouseover="Audio.load(alphabet.six)" onclick="Audio.play(alphabet.six);">Six</button>
<button onmouseover="Audio.load(alphabet.seven)" onclick="Audio.play(alphabet.seven);">Seven</button>
<button onmouseover="Audio.load(alphabet.eight)" onclick="Audio.play(alphabet.eight);">Eight</button>
<button onmouseover="Audio.load(alphabet.nine)" onclick="Audio.play(alphabet.nine);">Nine</button>
<button onmouseover="Audio.load(alphabet.ten)" onclick="Audio.play(alphabet.ten);">Ten</button>
</p>
</div>
<h2>Exposes methods to play small audio samples upon user interactions.</h2>
<ul>
<li>Featherweight, compiled ∝ 2.52KB ≈ 1.02KB gzipped
<li>Loads audio samples using the Fetch API</li>
<li>Stores samples into <code>sessionStorage</code> for reuse (available space untested)</li>
<li>Fetches and plays sample upon demand</li>
<li>Option to preload a given sample</li>
<li>Option to loop a sample</li>
<li>Individual volume and fade-in / fade-out settings</li>
<li>Errors caught and reported in console.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Monitor the console to see actions:</h2>
<p><button onclick="sessionStorage.clear(); console.clear();">Clear storage and console</button></p>
<h2>Looping</h2>
<p>
<button onclick="Audio.play(noise)">Noise loop</button>
<button onclick="Audio.fade(noise)">Fade noise</button>
<button onclick="Audio.stop(noise)">Stop that bloody racket!</button>
<p><button onclick="Audio.play(track5={path:'https://websemantics.uk/audio/sound.mp3', volume:.125, loop:false});">Example 404 (audio path doesn't exist)</button></p>
<h2>Is the JavaScript no?</h2>
<figure>
<figcaption>Boolean detection scripts (required)</figcaption>
<pre><code class=language-javascript spellcheck=false contenteditable=true>var supportsES6=function(){try{return new Function("(a=0)=>a"),!0}catch(n){return!1}}();
var useSessionStorage=function(){try{var e=(new Date).valueOf()+"";return localStorage.setItem(e,e),localStorage.removeItem(e),!0}catch(t){return!1}}();
</code></pre>
</figure>
<figure>
<figcaption>Google Closure compiled (∝ 2.52KB ≈ 1.02KB gzip)</figcaption>
<pre><code class=language-javascript spellcheck=false contenteditable=true>// Web Audio API - Fetch, store, preload, play (volume, loop), fade, stop - v1.0 MJF @ websemantics.uk
var Audio=function(){function h(a,b){a.audioSource&&d.decodeAudioData(b,function(e){a.audioSource.buffer=e})}function k(a){fetch(a.path).then(function(a){return a.arrayBuffer()}).then(function(b){useSessionStorage&&sessionStorage.setItem(a.path,l.encode(b));return b}).then(function(b){return h(a,b)})["catch"](function(b){return console.log("Fetch "+b,a.path)})}function f(a){a.audioSource&&(clearTimeout(n),a.audioSource.stop())}if(supportsES6){if(!window.AudioContext){if(!window.webkitAudioContext){console.log("Web Audio API is not supported");return}window.AudioContext=window.webkitAudioContext}var d=new AudioContext,n,l=function(){for(var a=new Uint8Array(256),b=0;64>b;b++)a["ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/".charCodeAt(b)]=b;return{encode:function(a){a=new Uint8Array(a);for(var b=a.length,c="",e=0;e<b;e+=3)c+="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"[a[e]>>2],c+="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"[(a[e]&3)<<4|a[e+1]>>4],c+="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"[(a[e+1]&15)<<2|a[e+2]>>6],c+="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"[a[e+2]&63];2===b%3?c=c.substring(0,c.length-1)+"=":1===b%3&&(c=c.substring(0,c.length-2)+"==");return c},decode:function(b){var e=b.length,c=.75*b.length,d=0;"="===b[b.length-1]&&(c--,"="===b[b.length-2]&&c--);for(var f=new ArrayBuffer(c),m=new Uint8Array(f),g=0;g<e;g+=4){c=a[b.charCodeAt(g)];var h=a[b.charCodeAt(g+1)];var k=a[b.charCodeAt(g+2)];var l=a[b.charCodeAt(g+3)];m[d++]=c<<2|h>>4;m[d++]=(h&15)<<4|k>>2;m[d++]=(k&3)<<6|l&63}return f}}}();return{load:function(a){!useSessionStorage||a.path in sessionStorage||k(a)},play:function(a){f(a);a.audioSource=d.createBufferSource();a.gainNode=d.createGain();a.audioSource.connect(a.gainNode);a.gainNode.connect(d.destination);a.canFade=!0;a:{if(useSessionStorage){var b=sessionStorage.getItem(a.path);if(null!==b){b=l.decode(b);h(a,b);break a}}k(a)}a.volume=0<=a.volume?a.volume:.5;a.fadeIn&&0<a.fadeIn?(a.gainNode.gain.setValueAtTime(0,d.currentTime),a.gainNode.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(a.volume,d.currentTime+a.fadeIn)):a.gainNode.gain.value=a.volume;a.audioSource.loop=1==a.loop||!1;a.audioSource.start(0,0)},stop:f,fade:function(a){a.canFade&&a.fadeOut&&0<a.fadeOut?(a.gainNode.gain.setValueAtTime(a.volume,d.currentTime),a.gainNode.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0,d.currentTime+a.fadeOut),a.canFade=!1,n=setTimeout(function(){f(a)},1E3*a.fadeOut)):f(a)}}}}();</code></pre>
</figure>
<figure>
<figcaption>Could be defined inline</figcaption>
<pre><code class=language-markup spellcheck=false contenteditable=true><button
onclick="Audio.play({path:'path/to/sample.mp3'});">
Sample
</button></code></pre>
</figure>
<figure>
<figcaption>With preload is better</figcaption>
<pre><code class=language-markup spellcheck=false contenteditable=true><button
onmouseover="Audio.load(sample = {path:'path/to/sample.mp3'})"
onclick="Audio.play(sample);">
Sample
</button></code></pre>
</figure>
<figure>
<figcaption>But best defined in JavaScript</figcaption>
<pre><code class=language-javascript spellcheck=false contenteditable=true>var sample = {
path : "path/to/sample.mp3",
volume : 0.5, // is default, may be omitted
loop : false, // false is default, may be omitted
fadeIn: 0.5, // time in seconds, 0 is default, may be omitted
fadeOut: 0.3 // time in seconds, 0 is default, may be omitted
};</code></pre>
</figure>
<figure>
<figcaption>And attached to the button via events</figcaption>
<pre><code class=language-markup spellcheck=false contenteditable=true><button id=btn_sample>Sample</button></code></pre>
<pre><code class=language-javascript spellcheck=false contenteditable=true>if (supportsES6) {
const btn_sample = document.querySelector("#btn_sample);
if (btn_sample) {
btn_sample.addEventListener("mouseover", () => {
Audio.load(sample);
}, {once:true});
btn_sample.addEventListener("click", () => {
Audio.play(sample);
}, false);
}
}</code></pre>
</figure>
<h2>To do</h2>
<ul>
<li>Issue with Safari.</li>
<li>Use a sound sprite rather than multiple small sound files?</li>
<li>Use an end of fade event, if it exists.</li>
</ul>
body {
background-color: #1a1a1a;
color: #fff;
font-family: sans-serif;
line-height: 1.5;
margin: 1rem;
position: relative;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg width='1200' height='256' viewBox='0 0 1200 256' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cfilter id='noise'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='.4'%3E%3C/feTurbulence%3E%3C/filter%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect height='256' width='1200' filter='url(%23noise)' opacity='.15'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
background-attachment: fixed;
}
blockquote {font-style: italic;}
h1, h2 {font-weight: 100;}
h2 {margin-top: 3rem;}
h1 > span,
h2 > span {font-size: medium;}
h1 + p {font-size:larger;}
button {
border: 2px solid #000;
border-radius: 50px;
padding: .5rem 1rem;
font-size: inherit;
font-weight: bold;
margin: .5rem .5rem;
transition: all .3s ease-out;
}
.speak button {
background-image: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, #FDE900 20% ,#FD8515 80%);
border-color: #FD8515;
width: 5.5rem;
height: 5.5rem;
box-shadow: 0 4px 4px #000;
}
button:hover,
button:focus {
box-shadow: 0 4px 8px #000;
transform: scale(1.15);
outline: 0;
}
button::-moz-focus-inner {
border: 0;
}
button.-js-clicked {
animation: pressed-btn .3s ease-out;
}
@keyframes pressed-btn {
50% {transform: scale(0.85);}
100% {transform: scale(1.15);}
}
figure {
max-width: 40rem;
margin: 2rem auto;
padding: 1rem;
border: 1px solid #000;
background-color: #333;
}
figcaption {font-size:larger;}
ul {
max-width:34rem;
margin: 1rem auto;
}
h1, h2, p {
text-align:center;
}
.speak {
display: flex;
max-width: 40rem;
justify-content: space-around;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: center;
margin:0 auto;
}
var supportsES6 = (function() {
try {
new Function("(a = 0) => a"); // Not so evil eval?
return true;
}
catch (err) {
console.log("No ES6");
return false;
}
}());
// button click animation classes
var btn_clicked = (function () {
"use strict";
if (!supportsES6) {return}
const buttons = document.querySelectorAll("button");
for (const btn of buttons) {
btn.addEventListener("click", _ => {
btn.addEventListener("animationend", _ => {
btn.classList.remove("-js-clicked");
}, {once: true});
btn.classList.add("-js-clicked");
});
}
}());
var useSessionStorage = (function () {
try {
var mod = new Date().valueOf() + "";
localStorage.setItem(mod, mod);
localStorage.removeItem(mod);
return true;
} catch (e) {
console.log("No sessionStorage");
return false;
}
}());
var hasWebAudio = (function () {
return window.AudioContext ? true : false;
}());
// Web Audio API - Fetch, store, play (volume, loop), stop - v1.1 MJF @ websemantics.uk
var Audio = (function () {
"use strict";
if (!supportsES6) {return}
if (!hasWebAudio) {return}
// Cannot be set prior to a user action due to Chrome's rule:
// "The AudioContext was not allowed to start. It must be resumed (or created) after a user gesture on the page."
let audioContext;
const instantiateAudioContext = _ => {
if (audioContext) return;
audioContext = new AudioContext();
};
// // Test AudioContext availability
// if (!window.AudioContext) {
// if (!window.webkitAudioContext) {
// console.log("Web Audio API is not supported");
// return;
// }
// window.AudioContext = window.webkitAudioContext;
// }
let TO; // a setTimeout used to stop a faded out sound.
// base64-arraybuffer - https://github.com/niklasvh/base64-arraybuffer - 2012 Niklas von Hertzen - Licensed under the MIT license.
const b64_buffer = (function(){
// Converts arraybuffer to base64 and vice-versa
const chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
// Use a lookup table to find the index.
const lookup = new Uint8Array(256);
for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
lookup[chars.charCodeAt(i)] = i;
}
const encode = (arraybuffer) => {
const bytes = new Uint8Array(arraybuffer);
const len = bytes.length;
let base64 = "";
for (let i = 0; i < len; i += 3) {
base64 += chars[bytes[i] >> 2];
base64 += chars[((bytes[i] & 3) << 4) | (bytes[i + 1] >> 4)];
base64 += chars[((bytes[i + 1] & 15) << 2) | (bytes[i + 2] >> 6)];
base64 += chars[bytes[i + 2] & 63];
}
// Add padding
if ((len % 3) === 2) {
base64 = base64.substring(0, base64.length - 1) + "=";
} else if (len % 3 === 1) {
base64 = base64.substring(0, base64.length - 2) + "==";
}
return base64;
};
const decode = (base64) => {
const len = base64.length;
let bufferLength = base64.length * 0.75;
// Remove padding
if (!base64[base64.length - 1] === "=") {
bufferLength--;
if (base64[base64.length - 2] === "=") {
bufferLength--;
}
}
const arraybuffer = new ArrayBuffer(bufferLength);
const bytes = new Uint8Array(arraybuffer);
let p = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < len; i += 4) {
const encoded1 = lookup[base64.charCodeAt(i)];
const encoded2 = lookup[base64.charCodeAt(i + 1)];
const encoded3 = lookup[base64.charCodeAt(i + 2)];
const encoded4 = lookup[base64.charCodeAt(i + 3)];
bytes[p++] = (encoded1 << 2) | (encoded2 >> 4);
bytes[p++] = ((encoded2 & 15) << 4) | (encoded3 >> 2);
bytes[p++] = ((encoded3 & 3) << 6) | (encoded4 & 63);
}
return arraybuffer;
};
return {
encode: encode,
decode: decode
}
}());
function _populateAudioContext(track, buffer) {
if (!track.audioSource) return;
audioContext.decodeAudioData(buffer, decodedData => {
track.audioSource.buffer = decodedData;
});
}
function _fetchAudio(track) {
fetch(track.path)
.then(response => response.arrayBuffer())
.then(buffer => {
if (useSessionStorage) {
// Convert to Base64 and stuff into sessionStorage for reuse.
// No check made for available space! Keep samples small, or do a check.
sessionStorage.setItem(track.path, b64_buffer.encode(buffer));
console.log("Fetched & stored in sessionStorage: ", track.path);
}
return buffer;
})
.then(buffer => _populateAudioContext(track, buffer))
.catch(err => console.log("Fetch " + err, track.path));
}
function preloadAudio(track) {
// instantiateAudioContext();
if (useSessionStorage && !(track.path in sessionStorage)) {
_fetchAudio(track);
}
}
function stopAudio(track) {
instantiateAudioContext();
if (track.audioSource) {
clearTimeout(TO);
// Using disconnect() as replacement for stop() to try to support Safari
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32563298/audiocontext-issue-with-safari
// track.audioSource.stop();
track.audioSource.disconnect();
}
}
function fadeOutAudio(track) {
instantiateAudioContext();
if (track.canFade && track.fadeOut && track.fadeOut > 0) {
track.gainNode.gain.setValueAtTime(track.volume, audioContext.currentTime);
track.gainNode.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0, audioContext.currentTime + track.fadeOut);
track.canFade = false;
TO = setTimeout(() => {
stopAudio(track);
}, track.fadeOut * 1000);
} else {
stopAudio(track);
}
}
function _buildTrack(track) {
track.audioSource = audioContext.createBufferSource();
track.audioSource.ended = function () {
// stopAudio(track);
console.log("Ended: ", track.path);
};
track.gainNode = audioContext.createGain();
track.audioSource.connect(track.gainNode);
track.gainNode.connect(audioContext.destination);
track.canFade = true; // used to prevent fadeOut firing twice
}
function _getAudio(track) {
if (useSessionStorage) {
const b64 = sessionStorage.getItem(track.path);
if (b64 !== null) {
const buffer = b64_buffer.decode(b64);
console.log("From sessionStorage: ", track.path);
_populateAudioContext(track, buffer);
return;
}
}
_fetchAudio(track);
}
function _setGain(track) {
track.volume = (track.volume >= 0) ? track.volume : 0.5;
if (track.fadeIn && track.fadeIn > 0) {
track.gainNode.gain.setValueAtTime(0, audioContext.currentTime);
track.gainNode.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(track.volume, audioContext.currentTime + track.fadeIn);
} else {
track.gainNode.gain.value = track.volume;
}
}
function playAudio(track) {
instantiateAudioContext();
stopAudio(track);
_buildTrack(track);
_getAudio(track);
_setGain(track);
track.audioSource.loop = (track.loop && track.loop == true) || false;
track.audioSource.start(); // Possibly add sprite positions?
// console.log("playing: ", track.audioSource);
}
// Expose functions:
return {
load : preloadAudio,
play : playAudio,
stop : stopAudio,
fade : fadeOutAudio
}
}());
// Note: Using cross-domain samples requires setting .htaccess to:
// Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
var noise = {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/noise.6.wav",
volume: 0.2, // 0 - 1
loop: true,
fadeIn: 0.5, // time in seconds
fadeOut: 1.3 // time in seconds
}
// USAGES:
// Predefine track in JS
/*
var track1 = {
path : "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/0.mp3"
};
if (supportsES6) {
// requires user gesture
Audio.play(track1);
}
*/
// Define track in play call, which may be reused
/*
if (supportsES6) {
// requires user gesture
Audio.play(track2 = {
path : "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/1.mp3",
volume : 0.125
});
setTimeout(() => {
// requires user gesture
Audio.play(track2);
},1000);
}
*/
// Define track in play call, not reuseable
/*
if (supportsES6) {
// requires user gesture
Audio.play({
path : "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/2.mp3",
volume : 0.125,
loop : false
});
}
*/
// Predefine looping track
// var noise = {
// path : "https://websemantics.uk/audio/noise.5.mp3",
// volume : 0.125,
// loop : true
// };
// Define track and pre-load audio to play later
var track4 = {
path : "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/4.mp3",
volume : 0.125
}
if (supportsES6) {
// requires user gesture
// Audio.load(track4);
// Audio.play(track4);
}
// Speak & Spell audio samples - http://www.maximporges.com/2011/10/08/speak-and-spell-samples/
var alphabet = {
zero : {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/0.mp3",
volume: 0.125
},
one : {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/1.mp3",
volume: 0.125
},
two : {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/2.mp3",
volume: 0.125
},
three : {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/3.mp3",
volume: 0.125
},
four : {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/4.mp3",
volume: 0.125
},
five : {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/5.mp3",
volume: 0.125
},
six : {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/6.mp3",
volume: 0.125
},
seven : {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/7.mp3",
volume: 0.125
},
eight : {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/8.mp3",
volume: 0.125
},
nine : {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/9.mp3",
volume: 0.125
},
ten : {
path: "https://websemantics.uk/audio/speak-and-spell/alphabet/10.mp3",
volume: 0.125
}
}
Also see: Tab Triggers